Abstract
The survival rate in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is low. In addition, metastatic RCC resists traditional treatment. Therefore, identification of novel biomarkers, signaling pathways, and therapeutic targets is an important issue. The aim of the present study is to identify novel prognostic markers from the miRNA-mediated network for the regulation of metastasis of RCC. To address this issue, the RNA of human RCC cell lines, 786-O and ACHN, derived from primary and metastatic sites, respectively, were collected and subjected to RNA sequencing and small RNA sequencing. The bioinformatic analysis revealed that the pathways of the genes with different expressions were related to tumor progression, and identified miRNA and miRNA-long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) interactions, and mRNA. The results revealed that the expressions of seven miRNAs were associated with the overall survival rate of patients with RCC. Furthermore, the expressions of two lncRNA and three protein-coding genes (mRNA) were significantly associated with the increased or decreased disease-free survival rate. Although the detailed regulatory mechanism between miRNAs and targeted genes was not fully understood, our findings present novel prognostic markers and novel insight on miRNA-mediated pathways for metastatic RCC.
Highlights
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the 10 most common types of cancer in the world [1]
Apart from miRNAs, our results identified that the expression of two long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) (NEAT1 and CCAT1)
The expression patterns of these identified genes were further validated in clinical renal cell carcinoma (RCC) samples on multiple public databases
Summary
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the 10 most common types of cancer in the world [1]. It can be classified into different subtypes, such as clear cell RCC (approximately 70–80% patients with RCC), papillary RCC, and chromophobe RCC, among others [2]. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment for localized RCC. 20–30% of metastases occur several years after surgery [3]. Clinical data revealed that the five-year disease-specific survival for clear cell RCC and papillary RCC is 10.5% and Diagnostics 2020, 10, 228; doi:10.3390/diagnostics10040228 www.mdpi.com/journal/diagnostics. 10.3%, respectively once metastasis occurs [4]. Metastatic RCC resists chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment.
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