Abstract
BackgroundIdentification of complex multidimensional interaction patterns within microbial communities is the key to understand, modulate, and design beneficial microbiomes. Every community has members that fulfill an essential function affecting multiple other community members through secondary metabolism. Since microbial community members are often simultaneously involved in multiple relations, not all interaction patterns for such microorganisms are expected to exhibit a visually uninterrupted pattern. As a result, such relations cannot be detected using traditional correlation, mutual information, principal coordinate analysis, or covariation-based network inference approaches.ResultsWe present a novel pattern-specific method to quantify the strength and estimate the statistical significance of two-dimensional co-presence, co-exclusion, and one-way relation patterns between abundance profiles of two organisms as well as extend this approach to allow search and visualize three-, four-, and higher dimensional patterns. The proposed approach has been tested using 2380 microbiome samples from the Human Microbiome Project resulting in body site-specific networks of statistically significant 2D patterns as well as revealed the presence of 3D patterns in the Human Microbiome Project data.ConclusionsThe presented study suggested that search for Boolean patterns in the microbial abundance data needs to be pattern specific. The reported presence of multidimensional patterns (which cannot be reduced to a combination of two-dimensional patterns) suggests that multidimensional (multi-organism) relations may play important roles in the organization of microbial communities, and their detection (and appropriate visualization) may lead to a deeper understanding of the organization and dynamics of microbial communities.1vRYrPbEuyqSjYDCHYP8REVideo
Highlights
Identification of complex multidimensional interaction patterns within microbial communities is the key to understand, modulate, and design beneficial microbiomes
Since members of microbial communities can be simultaneously involved in multiple relations that altogether will determine their abundance, not all significant relations between organisms are expected to be manifested as visually uninterrupted patterns and be detected using traditional correlation, mutual information, principal coordinate analysis, or covariation-based approaches
Non-continuous multidimensional patterns To a certain extent, complex relations between microorganisms within microbial communities (MC) can be recovered by observing their abundances as well as monitoring how they change in response to internal and external perturbations/variables [1]
Summary
Identification of complex multidimensional interaction patterns within microbial communities is the key to understand, modulate, and design beneficial microbiomes. Since microbial community members are often simultaneously involved in multiple relations, not all interaction patterns for such microorganisms are expected to exhibit a visually uninterrupted pattern. As a result, such relations cannot be detected using traditional correlation, mutual information, principal coordinate analysis, or covariation-based network inference approaches. Since members of microbial communities can be simultaneously involved in multiple relations that altogether will determine their abundance, not all significant relations between organisms are expected to be manifested as visually uninterrupted patterns and be detected using traditional correlation, mutual information, principal coordinate analysis, or covariation-based approaches. While methods based on mutual information (MI), such as MIC [16], are capable of identifying nonlinear and non-continuous pairwise relations [17], they lack the ability to discriminate against intuitively difficult to interpret patterns and can miss some important relationships such as mutual exclusion among microorganisms [18]
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