Abstract
Abstract Understanding fear behavior in puppies is important for dog welfare, prevention of behavioral issues, and ensuring research assessments are accurate. Further research is necessary to determine which specific behaviors puppies show when they are fearful and whether these behaviors are similar to those seen in older dogs. We assessed which puppy behaviors are associated with mild- to- moderate fear in the presence of social and nonsocial stimuli. However, no puppies showed fear responses toward social stimuli, so only results for nonsocial stimuli are presented. Puppies ( P P = 0.001), freezing ( P P P P = 0.006), and barking ( P = 0.002). Sniffing ( P P P
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