Abstract
Objective: Salvadora persica L. is a dense foliaceous evergreen shrub or small tree with diversified medicinal properties. The objective of this work was to do a comparative study on phytochemical composition between different plant parts of S. persica collected from the southern region of India.
 Methods: The phytochemical analysis of ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extracts from leaves, tender stems and tree bark of S. persica was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Also, the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity of extracts was analyzed in vitro by Disc-diffusion method.
 Results: GC-MS/MS analysis of S. persica showed 29 phytocompounds. Among them, except for eugenol, caryophyllene, benzyl isothiocyanate, oleic acid, and fatty acid, the remaining 24 phytocompounds were newly reported in the present study. For the first time, a maximum amount of benzyl isothiocyanate (73.5%) was identified from tree bark extract of S. persica and this extract showed higher in vitro antimicrobial activity against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and fungi than leaves and tender stems.
 Conclusion: The study demonstrated that benzyl isothiocyanate could be the major antimicrobial component in S. persica.
Highlights
Bioactive plant compounds have served as templates for several synthetic drugs, and precursors used in the production of semisynthetic drugs [1,2,3,4]
Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that S. persica is a versatile medicinal plant used to treat enormous human and livestock ailments [13,14]
The phytocompounds present in S. persica plant extracts were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the detailed elucidation of their retention time, molecular formula, molecular weight, and peak area in percentage as revealed by GCMS spectrum was separately shown in following Tables 1-3
Summary
Bioactive plant compounds have served as templates for several synthetic drugs, and precursors used in the production of semisynthetic drugs [1,2,3,4]. S. persica has been recorded as one of the 61 ethnomedicinal plant species from the Aravalli hills of Mewar region of Rajasthan, India [5], though its distribution has been recorded elsewhere in India. The commercial S. persica sticks display antimicrobial action against both gram-positive (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus gordonii) and gram-negative (Porphyromonas gingivalis) oral bacteria [6]. Chewing sticks of S. persica have been used for centuries for tooth cleaning, and are recommended by the World Health Organization, in areas where their use is customary. S. persica extracts exhibited antibacterial activities against 10 multidrugresistant bacterial clinical isolates other than oral pathogens in vitro [12]. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that S. persica is a versatile medicinal plant used to treat enormous human and livestock ailments [13,14]
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