Abstract
Few evaluations of interventions to delay or prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Saudi Arabia (SA) have been undertaken. The present study evaluates the impact of a 6-month intensive lifestyle modification intervention delivered in primary care. Females from SA with prediabetes, aged 18–55 years, were recruited with 190 participants eligible following screening and randomly allocated to receive a 3-month one-on-one, intensive lifestyle modification (intervention group (IG) n = 95) or standard guidance (control group (CG) n = 95). Participants completed questionnaires including demographic, dietary and physical activity data. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 3 and 6 months. A total of 123 (74 IG (age 40.6 ± 9.8 years; body mass index (BMI) 31.2 ± 7.0 kg/m2) and 49 CG (age 40.6 ± 12.7 years; BMI 32.3 ± 5.4 kg/m2)) participants completed the study. After 6 months, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; primary endpoint) significantly improved in the IG than CG completers in between-group comparisons (p < 0.001). Comparison between groups showed significant improvements in overall energy intake, total and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol in favour of IG (p-values < 0.001, 0.04 and <0.001, respectively). BMI and weight change were not clinically significant in between group comparisons. A 6-month, intense one-on-one intervention in lifestyle modification significantly improves glycaemic and cardio metabolic profile of females living in SA with pre-diabetes delivered in a primary care setting. Longer duration studies, using the same intervention, may determine whether a meaningful weight loss secondary to improved diet can be achieved.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterised by the body’s inability to produce insulin or use it efficiently [1]
Females living in Saudi Arabia (SA) aged 18–55 years old who were either overweight (body mass index (BMI) 25–29.9 kg/m2 ) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 ), attending the primary health care centres (PHCCs) in Riyadh, SA were randomly selected and assessed for the presence of prediabetes
A participant was considered pre-diabetic if haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was ≥5.7% to
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterised by the body’s inability to produce insulin or use it efficiently [1]. The global prevalence of DM in the adult population was 8.4% or 451 million as of 2017, and is expected to reach as much as 10% or 693 million in 2045 [2]. Different treatments for DM are available, prevention remains key in slowing down the escalating prevalence of the disease. The target population for DM prevention are those with prediabetes, defined as having an impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and/or HbA1c 5.7%–6.4% [3]. A recent review by Yip and colleagues indicated that the prevalence of prediabetes using the combined. IFG/IGT are elevated, but not statistically different in both Caucasian and Asian ethnicities
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