Abstract
Over the last 40 years different thermal energy storage materials have been investigated with the aim of enhancing energy efficiency in buildings, improving systems performance, and increasing the share of renewable energies. However, the main requirements for their efficient implementation are not fully met by most of them. This paper develops a comparative review of thermophysical properties of materials reported in the literature. The results show that the highest volumetric storage capacities for the best available sensible, latent and thermochemical storage materials are 250 MJ/m3, 514 MJ/m3 and 2000 MJ/m3, respectively, corresponding to water, barium hydroxide octahydrate, and magnesium chloride hexahydrate. A group of salt hydrates and inorganic eutectics have been identified as the most promising for the development of competitive thermal storage materials for cooling, heating and comfort applications in the short-term. In the long-term, thermochemical storage materials seem promising. However, additional research efforts are required.
Highlights
Over the last 40 years, a number of thermal energy storage and management technologies have been explored for a low-carbon energy transition in domestic and industrial sectors given their great potential to reduce energy demand, increase the use of renewable energy and improve the operating conditions of heating and cooling systems
The aim of this paper is to identify the best available thermal energy storage (TES) compounds developed for low-to-moderate temperature storage applications
The results indicated that a 30wt% CaCl2 solution was the most stable and had the highest energy storage capacity: 822MJ/m3 at a charging temperature of 90 °C
Summary
Over the last 40 years, a number of thermal energy storage and management technologies have been explored for a low-carbon energy transition in domestic and industrial sectors given their great potential to reduce energy demand, increase the use of renewable energy and improve the operating conditions of heating and cooling systems. From the early publications of Abhat [3, 4], Lane [5], Telkes [6, 7], Schröder and Gawron [8] and Naumman and Emons [9] in the 1980s, until most recent works of Sharma et al [10, 11], Cabeza et al [12], Tyagi et al [13, 14], Zhou et al [15], N’Tsoukpoe et al [16], Tatsidjodoung et al, Yu et al [17], De Gracia and Cabeza [18], Kenisarin and Mahkamov [19, 20] and Alva et al [21, 22], different types of thermal storage compounds have been considered, tested and listed as promising for low-to-moderate temperature applications This includes liquid and solid materials for sensible storage, organic and inorganic materials, and their eutectic mixtures, for latent heat storage and thermochemical storage forms. These requirements are not fully met by most existing materials
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