Identification of a variable region of the African swine fever virus genome that has undergone separate DNA rearrangements leading to expansion of minisatellite-like sequences

Abstract

Nucleotide sequencing identified a tandemly repeated sequence array 22 × 10 3 base-pairs from the right-hand DNA terminus of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) genome. The sequence of the repeat array and sequences closely flanking it were compared in the genomes of four groups of ASFV isolates that had very different restriction enzyme site maps. Arrays present in one group of ASFV isolates from East Zambia/Malawi varied in length and contained between 8 and 38 copies of a 17-nucleotide repeat unit. Repeat arrays in a second group of ASFV isolates from Europe were less variable in length but consisted of different types of repeat unit that were divergent in sequence. A third genetically diverse ASFV isolate, LIV 13 from a South Zambia Game Park, contained repeat unit types that were similar to those of European viruses. MFUE 6 isolate from an East Zambia Game Park contained a shorter version of the European repeat unit. An eight-base-pair core sequence was conserved between the East Zambia/Malawi and European and LIV 13 repeat units. These tandemly repeated sequence arrays share a number of properties with chromosomal minisatellite DNA. Similar tandem repeat arrays have not been described in poxviruses.