Abstract
Insulin-like (ins) peptides play an important role in development and metabolism across the metazoa. In nematodes, these are also required for dauer formation and longevity and are expressed in different types of neurons across various life stages which demonstrate their role in parasites and could become possible targets for parasite control. To date, many nematode genomes are publically available. However, a systematic screening of ins peptides across different nematode group has not been reported. In the present study, we systematically identified ins peptides in the secretomes of 73 nematodes with fully sequenced genomes covering five different groups viz. plant parasitic, animal parasitic, human parasitic, entomopathogenic and free living nematodes. From the total of 93,949 secretory proteins, 176 proteins were uniquely mapped to 40 identified C. elegans ins families. The obtained result showed that 74.15% of the identified ins proteins were represented in free living nematodes only and remaining 25.84% were combinedly identified in all other nematode groups. The ins-1, ins-17 and ins-18 were the only ins families which were detected in all the studied nematode groups. Out of 176 proteins, 96 of ins proteins were predicted as hydrophilic in nature and 39 proteins were found stable using ProtParam analysis. Our study provides insight into the distribution of ins peptides across different group of nematodes and this information could be useful for further experimental study.
Highlights
Neuropeptides are short sequences of amino acids that are released from nerve cells and function in multicellular organisms to communicate information between cells
These neuropeptides fall into three distinct groups, the FMRFamide-like peptide family encoded on flp genes, the insulin-like peptide family encoded on ins genes and all other neuropeptide-like proteins encoded on nlp genes
Ins-1, ins-9 and daf-28 are expressed in ASI and ASJ chemosensory neurons which are critical for the decision of dauer formation, as well as other neurons
Summary
Neuropeptides are short sequences of amino acids that are released from nerve cells and function in multicellular organisms to communicate information between cells In nematodes, these neuropeptides fall into three distinct groups, the FMRFamide-like peptide family encoded on flp genes, the insulin-like peptide family encoded on ins genes and all other neuropeptide-like proteins encoded on nlp genes. Insulin like peptides (INSs) play an important role in daur formation, metabolism and other development process. These were involved in limiting body size and determining lifespan [1,2]. Involvement of ins peptides in dauer formation, development processes and aging regulation in C. elegans demonstrate their role in parasites and potential of their signaling pathways as possible drug targets. In planta-based RNAi control strategies could be used for parasite control whereby neuropeptide encoding genes could become possible targets
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