Ideal Selection of Observation Schemes

Accuracy in Screw Selection in a Cadaveric, Small-Bone Fracture Model.

In landscapes in which habitat patches are larger than the home ranges of consumers, ideal free habitat selection is incompatible with pseudointerference. Source-sink dynamics and spillover consumption can be generated only by nonequilibrium situations. At equilibrium, patterns in consumer and resource standing crops and resource mortality are identical to those generated by local dynamics. Predictions of laissez-faire models are relatively robust to feeding interference. Habitat selection of armored catfishes and their interactions with attached algae in a Neotropical stream are consistent with predictions derived by assuming laissez-faire consumer-resource dynamics and ideal free habitat selection, in spite of the limited mobility of consumers and the occurrence of substantial feeding interference. We propose that the simple null model of ideal free habitat selection plus laissez-faire consumption applies to the majority of herbivore-plant systems, because of the even distribution of resources and the l...

We compared the effects of habitat quality on dispersal, demography, dynamics, and fitness of prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) and meadow vole (M. pennsylvanicus) populations by manipulating habitat patches in experimental landscapes. Four habitat patches in each of four replicate landscapes differed in availability of high-quality food and amount of vegetative cover in a 2 × 2 factorial design. High cover had a strong positive effect on basic habitat quality, as reflected by the performance of founders early in the season, but supplemental food had only a small effect. Population growth ceased for prairie voles after week 18 (mid-October) when densities had reached much higher levels in habitats with high cover (260 ± 27 voles/ha in high cover with either high or low food; mean ± 1 se) than in habitats with low cover (115 ± 38 voles/ha in high food, low cover and 60 ± 15 voles/ha in low food, low cover). Population growth had ceased in three habitat types for meadow voles by week 20 at much higher densities than for prairie voles in high cover (636 ± 101 voles/ha with high food, high cover; 556 ± 117 voles/ha with low food, high cover; 110 ± 74 voles/ha with high food, low cover; and 51 ± 16 voles/ha with low food, low cover). Correlates of fitness for prairie voles, particularly the number of young surviving to adulthood per female, indicated greater individual fitness in high cover than in low cover, which suggests ideal despotic habitat selection. The proportion of the total population found in habitat patches with high cover continued to increase until prairie vole populations stabilized late in the season. This result did not agree with expectations of either the ideal free model or the ideal despotic model of habitat selection. Fitness differed little for meadow voles in different habitat types, and the proportions of the populations in different habitats remained constant after the founders had settled and population growth began. Both of these patterns supported the ideal free model of habitat selection for meadow voles. Because positive net recruitment occurred in all habitats for both species of voles, source–sink dynamics could not occur in our experimental system. Two subpopulations of meadow voles in low-food, low-cover habitats did go extinct temporarily, but this habitat type did not appear to be a population sink because the losses occurred primarily from emigration rather than mortality. Emigration rates for both species of voles were inversely related to carrying capacity of the habitat (estimated as the density at which populations stabilized). This relationship and ideal free habitat selection are required by the balanced dispersal model, which produces equal numbers of dispersers between a pair of habitat types. Dispersal of meadow voles was balanced throughout the growing season, but dispersal of prairie voles was unbalanced, with net movement of individuals from low-quality to high-quality habitats until late in the season when populations stabilized. Unbalanced dispersal early in the season may have reflected a delayed response to habitat quality by prairie voles. Populations in high cover approached stable densities largely as a result of density-dependent in situ net recruitment, whereas populations in low cover stabilized more as a result of density-dependent net movement for both species of voles. Per capita emigration did not show a consistent positive relation to population growth in high cover, as would be expected if dispersal contributed to the tendency for prairie voles to display multi-annual population cycles in such habitats. In fact, emigration generally declined as density increased (inversely density dependent), which should have fostered greater population growth as densities increased. Nevertheless, population growth declined late in the season, which implied that emigration (dispersal) did not strongly affect the pattern of population dynamics in high-quality habitats. The overall results for the two species were remarkably similar, although prairie voles did differ from meadow voles in several respects. Meadow voles performed less well in low-cover habitats than did prairie voles, which probably reflected their greater sensitivity to predation risk. Prairie voles tended to move into habitats with supplemental food, and young prairie voles had greater body growth in habitats with supplemental food, whereas meadow voles showed neither response. Finally, although the results for meadow voles consistently indicated ideal free habitat selection throughout the growing season, those for prairie voles did not until late in the season. This difference between species likely reflected a more rapid response to habitat quality by the more vagile meadow voles.

In this paper, we study single cell multi-user downlink distributed antenna systems (DAS) where antenna ports are geographically separated in a cell. First, we derive an expression of the ergodic sum rate for the DAS in the presence of pathloss. Then, we propose a transmission selection scheme based on the derived expressions which does not require channel state information at the transmitter. Utilizing the knowledge of distance information from a user to each distributed antenna (DA) port, we consider the optimization of pairings of DA ports and users to maximize the system performance. Based on the ergodic sum rate expressions, the proposed scheme chooses the best mode maximizing the ergodic sum rate among mode candidates. In our proposed scheme, the number of mode candidates are greatly reduced compared to that of ideal mode selection. In addition, we analyze the signal to noise ratio cross-over point for different modes using the sum rate expressions. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we show the accuracy of our derivations for the ergodic sum rate. Moreover, simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme produces the average sum rate identical to the ideal mode selection with significantly reduced candidates.

Applying tag selection to backscatter networks can greatly improve the system outage performance. In this letter, the analytical expressions on outage probability for both ideal and outdated tag selection in reciprocal backscatter networks are derived with a truncated series expansion. Furthermore, the asymptotic analysis with large transmission power is conducted to give an insight into the effects of system parameters. From the asymptotic analysis, it is found that the diversity order of outage probability for ideal tag selection is equal to half of the number of tags. However, when applying outdated tag selection, the diversity order is equal to one, and thereby no diversity gain can be harvested, regardless of the temporal correlation and the number of tags.

In this paper, we study single cell multi-user downlink distributed antenna\nsystems (DAS) where antenna ports are geographically separated in a cell.\nFirst, we derive an expression of the ergodic sum rate for the DAS in the\npresence of pathloss. Then, we propose a transmission selection scheme based on\nthe derived expressions which does not require channel state information at the\ntransmitter. Utilizing the knowledge of distance information from a user to\neach distributed antenna (DA) port, we consider the optimization of pairings of\nDA ports and users to maximize the system performance. Based on the ergodic sum\nrate expressions, the proposed scheme chooses the best mode maximizing the\nergodic sum rate among mode candidates. In our proposed scheme, the number of\nmode candidates are greatly reduced compared to that of ideal mode selection.\nIn addition, we analyze the signal to noise ratio cross-over point for\ndifferent modes using the sum rate expressions. Through Monte Carlo\nsimulations, we show the accuracy of our derivations for the ergodic sum rate.\nMoreover, simulation results with the pathloss modeling confirm that the\nproposed scheme produces the average sum rate identical to the ideal mode\nselection with significantly reduced candidates.\n

A study on stability analysis was carried out on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes grown at multilocation over two cropseasons. Based on additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis, the first two IPCAs explained 91.93% of the GEIvariation (74.84 and 17.09% for IPCA1 and IPCA2, respectively). Based on AMMI 2, the best genotype for environments RA1 and RA2 was 201. The genotypes, ICG192 and ICG130 were found suitable for environments TA1 and TA2, respectively. ICG178 was better adapted to environment MA2, whereas ICG140 and the control NC2 were the best genotypes for environment RA2. In the GGE biplot, PC1 and PC2 explained 81.22 and 13.33% of the total GGE variance. Based on the ideal genotype selection index (IGSI), the genotypes, ICG115, ICG201, and ICG178 were stable and can be used in the breeding programs to develop new varieties.

The internet medical industry is a new direction of the medical industry; however, internet medical enterprises have been going through a reshuffling period after 2016 and urgently need to improve their performance. The main aim of this study was to reveal the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) configurations and firm performance and guide ideal IC configuration decision to improve the performance of internet medical enterprises in China. First, a mechanism model was constructed to reveal the effects of IC configurations on firm performance, which is contribution to enrich IC configuration theory research. Then, fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to guide its IC configurations selection currently using data from internet medical enterprises in China from 2012 to 2019. The research is contribution to enrich application research of IC configuration. The results show that IC affects firm performance by means of the configuration; currently ideal IC configurations selection of the internet medical industry should pay attention to human, relationship and physical capital; period and specific business will both affect the choice of IC configuration. The results of this study can deepen managers’ understanding of IC configurations and guide ideal IC configurations selection in the internet medical industry.

In small area estimation, linear mixed models are frequently used. Variable selection methods for linear mixed models are available. However, in many applications such as small area estimation data users often apply variable selection methods that ignore the random effects. In this paper, we first evaluate the accuracy of such variable selection method for the Fay-Herriot model, a regression model when dependent variable is subject to sampling error variability. We show that the approximation error, that is, the difference between the standard variable selection criterion and the corresponding ideal variable selection criterion without any sampling error variability, does not converge to zero in probability even for a large sample size. In our simulation, we notice that standard variable selection criterion could severely underestimate the ideal adjusted R 2 and BIC variable selection criteria in presence of high sampling error variability. We propose a simple adjustment to the standard variable selection method for the Fay-Herriot model that reduces the approximation errors. In particular, we show that the approximation error for our new variable selection criteria converge to zero in probability for large sample size. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we demonstrate that our proposed variable selection criterion tracks the corresponding ideal variable selection criterion very well compared to the standard variable selection method.

PurposeDue to the current pandemic, the importance of logistics functions and decisions is well understood both at the level of companies and users. Logistics systems and related decisions are of vital importance in making supply chains effective, efficient and without disruption. Logistic pressure factors may emerge at different points along the logistics process, and given the role of logistics decisions as one of the important indicators of competitiveness, the determination of the logistics pressures that are likely to increase the costs of business, and their causative factors are a vital aspect of the logistics decision-making process. The study aims to provide assistance in the selection of the most ideal logistics decision by ranking the pressure factors affecting the logistics system, especially during the pandemic period for logistics enterprises operating in Ordu and Giresun provinces and which have a corporate identity.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, it is aimed to make the most ideal logistics decision selection by ranking the pressure factors affecting the logistics system, especially during the pandemic period for the logistics enterprises operating in Ordu and Giresun provinces and having a corporate identity. For that purpose interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy (IVPF)–analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based combinative distance-based assessment (CODAS) methodology was used. Additionally sensitivity and comparison analysis were discussed.FindingsCompetitive pressure was found as the most important pressure factor affecting the logistics system during the pandemic period. Change in regulatory rules was the pressure factor found to have the least effect on the logistics system. Using the weights of logistics pressure factors, “Operational Decisions” was found to be the most ideal logistics decision selection.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings provide support for the evaluation of logistical pressures and decision options by presenting a decision model capable of processing ambiguous information. During a pandemic or similar period, the study assists decision makers in determining a new route. The findings will also call business managers' attention to logistical pressure factors and lead them toward more realistic and feasible practices in the logistics decision-making process.Originality/valueThis study provided an effective and applicable solution to a decision-making problem in the logistics sector including logistics pressure factors and the selection of logistics decisions. In this context, a methodology was presented that will allow businesses to self-evaluate their own logistics pressure factors and the selection of optimal solutions.

Objectives: To evaluate the cross-reactivity of anti-EV71 IgM and neutralizing antibody in series sera of patients infected with EV71 and CA16. Methods: Real-time RT-PCR, virus isolation, ELISA and neutralization test were used to detect enteroviruses from clinical specimens and series sera of 79 HFMD patients. Results: 27 EV71, 37 CA16, and 11 other enterovirus-infected patients were identified by RT-PCR. Among EV71 infected patients, anti-EV71 IgM positive ratios were 87.5% during 1–3 days after onset and 100% over 4 days after onset. In CA16 infected patients, the positive ratios were 7.4%, 26.4%, and 62.5% during 1–3 days, 4–6 days, and over 6 days after onset, respectively. Meanwhile, the results of neutralization test showed 18.9% of CA16 infected patients and 11.1% of EV71 infected patients present high cross-neutralization antibody against each other. Conclusions: Cross-reactivity of anti-EV71 IgM in patients infected with EV71 and CA16 becomes stronger with the progress of disease. Moreover, high cross-neutralization antibody existing in part of patients suggests that the immune reactivity to EV71infection can be recalled by CA16, and the immune reactivity to CA16 infection can be recalled by EV71. Therefore, identifying enteroviruses by neutralization test may not be an ideal selection.

Nanostructured vanadium tri-oxides, as a long life and high performance anode for sodium-ion battery

Image collection summarization techniques aim to present a compact representation of an image gallery through a carefully selected subset of images that captures its semantic content. When it comes to web content, however, the ideal selection can vary based on the user's specific intentions and preferences. This is particularly relevant at Booking.com, where presenting properties and their visual summaries that align with users' expectations is crucial. To address this challenge, in this work, we consider user intentions in the summarization of property visuals by analyzing property reviews and extracting the most significant aspects mentioned by users. By incorporating the insights from reviews in our visual summaries, we enhance the summaries by presenting the relevant content to a user. Moreover, we achieve it without the need for costly annotations. Our experiments, including human perceptual studies, demonstrate the superiority of our cross-modal approach, which we coin as CrossSummarizer over the no-personalization and image-based clustering baselines.

Objective To explore professional attitude of nurses in Grade three first class hospital. Methods Five hundred and fifty nurses who were working at the four Grade three first class hospitals in some city had been selected. The research instruments included 3 parts: A questionnaire on professional attitude of nurses, general information and influencing factors. Results The nurses' score of professional attitude was 5.53± 1.12 (2.16～7.47), which indicated a relatively neutral attitude with a positive tendency towards nursing profession. The ten items which were most highly rated were: not everyone was suitable for nursing job, and so on. A significant difference of the attitudes existed among them in terms of different title, employment relationship, working lifetime, marital status, child status and ideal selection. Others were no significant difference. Conclusions The overall professional attitude in nurse is neutral with a positive tendency. Nursing managers should take effective measures to enhance nurses' professional attitude. Key words: Professional attitude; Nursing; Professional affective

Using the amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) film, which is cheap and has a small time lag, as the photoconductive layer of the liquid crystal light valve(LCLV) is an ideal selection. With the method of impedance matching used, we have designed and fabricated an a-Si:H LCLV and have obtained a clear image on a large screen projection system. The resolution of the valve was 20 lp/mm. The sensitometry measurement showed that the projection light level varies linearly with the writing light level when the latter is below 100 μW/cm2. The measurement of the transient response at the writing light level of 100 μW/cm2 indicated that the rise time and the decay time were 60 ms and 80 ms, respectively.