Icelandic Agricultural and Environmental Sciences

Annual Meeting, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 2009

Machine learning (ML), a major branch of artificial intelligence, has been advancing environmental science beyond what is possible with the traditional approaches of physics, chemistry, biology, and statistics. ML and statistics are both data science approaches; however, relative to statistics, ML trades off interpretability for prediction accuracy. Poor interpretability initially hindered the acceptance of ML methods in environmental science. ML methods are now widely used in the fields of atmospheric science, oceanography, cryospheric science, hydrology, forestry, agricultural science, and climate science. The most common ML methods are neural network (NN) models, inspired by biological NNs in animal brains. Deep learning, that is, deep NN models, has become prominent since the mid-2010s, with the number of layers of mapping in deep NN models being much larger than in the earlier NN models. ML methods were initially introduced into environmental science as nonlinear statistical tools, with no direct relation to numerical models based on physics (“physics” being used in the broadest sense, i.e., physics + chemistry + biology, etc.). The recent merging of the two entirely different approaches, ML and numerical modeling, points to a new future for environmental and climate science.

PrefaceThe 2nd 2016 International Conference on Agricultural and Biological Sciences (ABS 2016) was successfully held from July 23rd to July 26th in Shanghai, China, which is one of the largest urban areas in the world and the showpiece of the booming economy of mainland China.Agriculture is the cultivation and production of animals, plants, fungi, and other life forms for food, fiber, and biofuel, medicinal and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. Biological Sciences deals with the study of the many living organisms, which is closely related to agricultural sciences. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization. Promoting scientific and technological progress in the field of agricultural and biological sciences has become the consensus of all the countries in the world. Further challenges come from the climate change caused by global warming, environment pollutions, shortage of water resources and various animal and plant diseases pose new requirements for sustainable agricultural development. ABS conference series was held accordingly to provide a platform for scientists and researchers from all over the world to exchange their researches and new findings in those fields. Based on the success of ABS2015, ABS2016 attracts more than 100 participants from all over the world. With the theme of plant and animal sciences, the key focus of ABS2016 is on the areas of “Botanical Sciences”, “Animal Sciences”, “Soil and Environmental Science” and “Other fields in Agricultural Sciences”. A special session named “Soil and environmental Science” also enriched the content of the Conference.More than 300 papers were submitted to ABS2016, and 82 submitted manuscripts have met the scope of IOP Conference Series on Earth and Environmental Sciences to form this special book. After pre-review on the originality and language, peer review process was arranged by the editorial committee. The editorial board was led by the Guest Editor Professor Mohammad Golabi and Associated Professor Peiyue Li, with support from following editors: Dr. Dionisios Gasparatos, Dr. Zisheng Xing, Dr. Ademir de Oliveira Ferreira, Dr. Elaheh Moussavi Kiassari, Dr. Khaled Ibrahimi, Dr. B. C. Dhananjaya, Hamed Kashi, Maria Regina Gusmao Valerio Menino and Dr. Ankit Garg. The 33 best manuscripts were selected after the pre-review and peer review, and those manuscripts provide some insights in the field of soil and environmental sciences.On behalf of the conference organizers, we would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to all the reviewers for their tremendous efforts and dedication to the Conference, to all the authors for their trust and contributions to the Conference, as well as all the colleagues from IOP publisher for their support and their endless efforts towards the publication of the proceedings for the Conference.The International Conference on Agricultural and Biological Sciences is convened annually where experts and scholars gather to exchange their newest ideas and experiences in this field, and we believe that with their earnest support and contributions, future ABS Conferences would scale new heights.EditorProf. Mohammad H. Golabi University of Guam, Guam-USA

A bibliometric survey of the Himalaya-Karakoram-Hindukush-Tibet (HKHT) region, the largest mountain system on Earth, for research publications recorded in the Web of Science (WOS) during 1901-2018 revealed 46,746 citable documents (articles, reviews, letters and notes) showing exponential growth mainly after 1980s. The HKHT publications that cover 244 WOS subject categories (SCs) have been used to determine the relative shares by HKHT units, countries, research organizations and publication sources. Nine WOS SCs related to “earth, environmental and agricultural sciences” exhibit highest shares (22.6% to 3.2% of the total) by the whole counting method. Further analysis of the 1994-2018 subset related to 4 broader disciplinary classes (Geosciences, Environmental Sciences & Technologies, Agricultural Sciences, and Ecological Sciences) attributed to “field sciences” with particular emphasis on the high impact (TOP10% globally by citation) documents enables to capture the most prolific, representative (both in space and time) and impactful research. This study identifies the prolific countries, institutions, journals, etc. characterizing the cross-disciplinary research transcending national boundaries and involving international teams. Science mapping of high impact publications (4,561 documents) using the co-occurrence of keywords restricted to noun phrases reveals six prominent clusters that reflect the prolific and high impact research themes in field science for the whole HKHT region: five of them related to earth and environmental sciences (climate change including monsoon regime, tectonic evolution of the Himalaya-Tibet orogen, India-Asia collision and associated crustal phenomena, activities on major thrusts, channel flows and inverted metamorphism), and one contrasting theme concerning the genetic diversity of plants mainly of medicinal values.

Nanoscale Science and Engineering for Agriculture and Food Systems

Environmental Science has emerged as a common bachelor’s of science (B.S.) degree at colleges and universities throughout the USA, with growing enrollment and more than 1100 degrees offered. Many B.S. degrees in Environmental Science emphasize broad, cross-disciplinary training, but may lack in discipline-specific skills that promote job placement. The objective of this study is to identify characteristics in the job market that will guide curricula decisions and improve career preparedness for Environmental Science students. A survey was conducted of entry level employment listings for students with a B.S. degree in Environmental Science. Listings were obtained from seven unique websites chosen to represent diversity in employer types and were evaluated to characterize job type, title, duties, and qualifications. The survey evaluated 124 job listings out of more than 1000 search returns identified from local, state, and federal governments, the private sector, and non-governmental organizations. In 94 % of the jobs surveyed, one or more different degrees met the educational requirement, showing that environmental science students apply for the same positions as students from a number of other disciplines, including biology, environmental engineering, geology, agricultural sciences, and chemistry. This emphasizes a need for environmental science students to differentiate themselves from students with other science degrees with skills relevant to job duties. Jobs specific to environmental science were more common at state and local government levels than in the private sector or federal government. Technical job duties commonly included soil science, fisheries/wildlife management, research/lab work, and ecological research, all of which are commonly part of environmental science curriculum. Writing regulatory documents, project management, and leadership were identified as important job duties that could be emphasized in environmental science curriculum for better career preparation. More than half of the listings dealt directly with environmental permitting, compliance, or enforcement and emphasize technical writing of regulatory documents. Environmental site assessment was mentioned in many listings as both a duty and a qualification for the job. Supervisory and project management duties were part of almost half of the job listings. These results suggest areas where universities can develop environmental science curriculum to help students gain experience and improve job success.

Journal of Food BiochemistryVolume 45, Issue 5 e13679 CORRIGENDUMFree Access Novel antihypertensive action of rutin is mediated via inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme/mineralocorticoid receptor/angiotensin 2 type 1 receptor (ATR1) signaling pathways in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats This article corrects the following: Novel antihypertensive action of rutin is mediated via inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme/mineralocorticoid receptor/angiotensin 2 type 1 receptor (ATR1) signaling pathways in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi, Foluso Bolawaye Bolaji-Alabi, Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade, Olumuyiwa Abiola Adejumobi, Olumide Samuel Ajani, Theophilus Aghogho Jarikre, Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale, Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies, Kehinde Olugboyega Soetan, Abimbola Obemisola Aro, Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe, Adebowale Benard Saba, Adeolu Alex Adedapo, Matthew Olugbenga Oyeyemi, Sanah Malomile Nkadimeng, Prudence Ngalula Kayoka-Kabongo, Lyndy Joy McGaw, Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju, Momoh Audu Yakubu, Volume 44Issue 12Journal of Food Biochemistry First Published online: October 21, 2020 First published: 11 May 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13679AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat In Oyagbemi et al. (2020), the corresponding author Abimbola Obemisola Aro, Adebowale Benard Saba, Adeolu Alex Adedapo, and Prudence Ngalula Kayoka-Kabongo's affiliation and correspondence address were given as: Abimbola Obemisola Aro6 6Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Adebowale Benard Saba7 7Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Gauteng, South Africa. Adeolu Alex Adedapo7 7Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Gauteng, South Africa. Prudence Ngalula Kayoka-Kabongo6 6Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. The correct affiliation is: Abimbola Obemisola Aro6 6Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Gauteng, South Africa. Adebowale Benard Saba7 7Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Adeolu Alex Adedapo7 7Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Prudence Ngalula Kayoka-Kabongo6 6Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Gauteng, South Africa. REFERENCE Oyagbemi, A. A., Bolaji-Alabi, F. B., Ajibade, T. O., Adejumobi, O. A., Ajani, O. S., Jarikre, T. A., Omobowale, T. O., Ola-Davies, O. E., Soetan, K. O., Aro, A. O., Emikpe, B. O., Saba, A. B., Adedapo, A. A., Oyeyemi, M. O., Nkadimeng, S. M., Kayoka-Kabongo, P. N., McGaw, L. J., Oguntibeju, O. O., & Yakubu, M. A. (2020). Novel antihypertensive action of rutin is mediated via inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme/mineralocorticoid receptor/angiotensin 2 type 1 receptor (ATR1) signaling pathways in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 44, e13534. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13534Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Volume45, Issue5May 2021e13679 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Entomologia Experimentalis et ApplicataVolume 88, Issue 3 p. 301-304 A parafilm sachet technique for measuring the feeding of Nilaparvata lugens Stål. on rice plants with correction for evapotranspiration M.N. Begum, M.N. Begum Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UKSearch for more papers by this authorR.M. Wilkins, Corresponding Author R.M. Wilkins Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK*Author for correspondenceSearch for more papers by this author M.N. Begum, M.N. Begum Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UKSearch for more papers by this authorR.M. Wilkins, Corresponding Author R.M. Wilkins Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK*Author for correspondenceSearch for more papers by this author First published: 17 October 2003 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.1998.00375.xCitations: 8AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume88, Issue3September 1998Pages 301-304 RelatedInformation

As it has become apparent that there is a need to broaden the emphasis of science education and ensure that every student achieves a level of science literacy, science educators face the challenge of addressing new audiences that are not always well-served by traditional presentations of scientific material. The challenge of presenting agricultural science to urban African American students typifies a scenario that necessitates devising new approaches to teach people who were previously overlooked or even ignored by the scientific community. The Young Scholars Program at The Ohio State University (OSU) is a 6-year precollegiate intervention program designed to prepare academically talented, economically disadvantaged minority students for college education. This novel outreach program was developed with the primary intention of enhancing the educational background of all of these young people by increasing their agricultural literacy. A secondary goal lay in the hope that some of these students might be enticed to consider the possibility of collegiate study in agricultural fields, thus infusing some much needed racial/ethnic diversity into the College of Food, Agriculture, and Environmental Sciences' student population. To address anticipated disinterest on the part of the students, an informal approach designed to emphasize the relevance, breadth, technical sophistication, and aesthetic components of agricultural science was devised. Students were taken on educational field trips to various college departments as part of an academic program during summer visits to the OSU. Efforts were made to use nontraditional (all women and men of color) scientists as many of the presenters to break down the stereotypical notion that only white males do science. Deliberate educational strategies were employed to enhance the educative aspects of the visits. A science/writing exercise served the dual purpose of prompting student reflection as well as being the evaluation instrument to assess the efficacy of the program. The success of this effort to reshape the traditional presentation of agriculture was demonstrated in much of the testimony of the students as well as the verbal and written observations of the adults involved. The demonstrable success of this project documents the possibility of an initiative addressing the dual challenge of opening the doors of science while simultaneously cultivating the interest of historically underrepresented people in nontraditional subject areas. This research further supports the idea that an informal approach to science education can be a particularly effective intervention strategy for reaching out to underserved students. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sci Ed 81:663–677, 1997.

We are glad to introduce you that the 2019 International Conference on Agricultural and Food Science (3rd ICAFS2019) was successfully held during December 8-10, 2019 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.The ICAFS 2019 was organized by Asia-Pacific Association of Science, Engineering and Technology, Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research Institute, in collaboration with multiple academic affiliations. In 2019 it was the 3rd ICAFS. Previous ICAFS were successfully held in Istanbul, Turkey (2018) and Lahore, Pakistan (2017).It has been designed to provide an innovative and comprehensive overview of agricultural and food sciences. A focus was given on: Animal & Plant Sciences; Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences; Aquiculture and Fishery Sciences; Soil & Environmental Science; Food Science and Technology; Agricultural Environment, Sustainable and Resources, etc.Various disciplines, including biology, nutrition, chemistry, biotechnology, microbiology, genomics, toxicology, etc., are contributing to agricultural and food sciences. Merging interdisciplinary is the stew in which creativity and innovation thrive. Such interactive creates insights by exposing researchers to ideas from other disciplines besides their own area of specialization. In this conference, we intended to present and discuss various themes from the aspect of fundamental as well as application parts.We are glad to share with you that we have received lots of submissions from the conference. Hence, we selected a bunch of high-quality papers and compiled them into the proceedings after rigorously reviewed them. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of International publication standard.Lastly, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Chairman, all members of conference committee, the distinguished keynote speakers, as well as all the participants. We would like to thank all of the reviewers and members of conference committee who have dedicated their constant support and countless time to bring these scratches into the proceedings. We also want to thank the publisher for publishing the proceedings. May the readers could enjoy the gain some valuable knowledge from the proceedings. We encourage all of you to keep supporting the conference and sharing your knowledge and professional expertise, and we are expecting more and more experts and scholars from all over the world to join this international event next year.ICAFS2019 Organizing Committee

Agricultural production systems currently face multiple challenges: Climate change, natural resource depletion, and supply chain disruption, together with global population growth. As sustainable agriculture must simultaneously deliver myriad services (e.g. provide food security, maintain natural resources, retain and improve framers’ profitability, and sustain biodiversity), a systemic and multidisciplinary approach is thus needed. In this context, new technologies based on sensors, automatic machines, robots, and digital applications show much potential. The special section of the Agronomy Journal, entitled, “Agricultural and Biological Sciences: Plant, Soil, Animal and Environment Nutrient Management,” brings together a coherent set of research studies. All papers published in this special section address current, relevant topics for agriculture, biology and environmental sciences with a multidisciplinary approach aimed at generating new scientific information on digital technologies, bioinformatics, plant science, soil resources, agricultural waste, and environmentally conscious approaches. A total of 58 papers were submitted, each of which was evaluated by expert reviewers using a double‐blind reviewing process and 25 full text papers were accepted for publication in the special section. The present paper highlights the findings of the published papers, with the aim of bringing cutting‐edge innovation to applied research in agriculture and biology. The published papers here provide new knowledge and viable solutions for better performance in agricultural and biological sciences. New technologies will change the concept of farming and agribusiness making it more profitable, efficient, safer, attractive, simple, smart, and finally sustainable. Rural development and food security policies must support and finance the easiest possible access to new technologies for agricultural producers.

International Conference on Ecosystem, Biotechnology agriculture and Environmental Science We are very happy to bring you the proceedings of the first International Conference on Ecosystem, Biotechnology agriculture and Environmental Science conjunction with International Conference on Agriculture and Environmental Science. This conference is intended to maintain knowledge exchange on policy support that allows for improving resource management for agricultural competitiveness towards progressive, self-reliance, and modern agriculture. The conference was held virtually, hosted by the Forum Kerjasama Pendidikan Tinggi and UPN “VETERAN” JAWA TIMUR.Agriculture and rural sector remain to be major economic drivers at which agricultural producers and rural economies need to be supported through appropriate policies. Policy support should allow a fair agricultural product competitiveness, both for local markets and for global trade. With all challenges faced by stakeholders in rural areas, the availability of resources needs to be inclusively managed to meet the right balance between economic growth, poverty reduction, and environmental sustainability. High recognition on this condition would lead to key elements as foundation to recreate appropriate policy, institutional role, and financial support to promote agricultural resource competitiveness for sustainable and inclusive development of rural sector.With expressing experiences and analyses from different angles, various sound policy recommendation in respect to the conference theme have been drawn for the interest of all concerned. The outbreak of coronavirus since 2020 has been vastly scattered and extremely influence almost all aspects of human life. Agricultural sector has also been affected with quite large of disadvantages. Concern on the current health situation and its impact in agricultural sector, the influence of pandemic COVID-19 has also been raised in any of the topics of this conference. Its impact on efforts to accelerate improvement of agricultural competitiveness would be valuable in addressing agricultural sustainability.Holding a conference during the COVID-19 pandemic requires a series of hard work to bring the most advanced technology at all stages of the conference. The International Conference on Ecosystem, Biotechnology agriculture and Environmental Science event is virtually implemented with a model that all invited speakers are given time to present their material for about 30-40 minutes each. It then followed by a question and answer by the participants with a direct questioning system, and through chat feature with Q&A forums provided by the zoom application. Moreover, the presentations were organized through recorded materials followed by live Q&A along with chat feature of the virtual meeting.We would like to extend our sincere thanks to all Science Committee members who come from Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, as well as authors who contribute significant thoughts and ideas through the papers written in collaboration with respective counterparts not only from Indonesia but also from different countries, such as those from Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and USA.We also want to thank the publisher for publishing the proceedings. May the readers could enjoy the gain some valuable knowledge from it. We are expecting more and more experts and scholars from all over the world to join this international event in the future. Editors Robbi Rahim Host Organizer Forum Kerjasama Pendidikan TinggiUPN Veteran Jawa Timur

ICATES 2020 “Emerging Novel Research in Agriculture, Engineering, and Environmental Sciences” September 21-22, 2020List of Organizer, Supporter, International Scientific Committees, Steering Committees and Organizing Committees are available in this pdf. Preface This conference is the 2nd International Conference on Agricultural Technology, Engineering, and Environmental Sciences (ICATES) which has been successfully conducted previously in 2019. The main topic of this conference is “Emerging Novel Research in Agriculture, Engineering, and Environmental Sciences”. The first ICATES conference is also published in IOP Earth and Environmental Sciences on Volume 365 November 2019. At first, we plan to conduct this conference physically just like previous ICATES in August 2019. However, due to the unforseen circumstances of global pandemic COVID-19, the ICATES 2020 conference was carried out virtually by zoom meeting platform from which we gather all participants from Indonesia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Sudan, Germany related to the conference topics. We took this option because this conference was already designated and funded. Keynote and invited speakers were also scheduled for this event. Many delegations and authors requested for this conference to be performed, even virtually, since they need it to cover their publication and sharing knowledge requirements.The conference itself was run as planned on 21st September 2020 with the support from virtual event organizer started from 8.00 am to 19.00 pm. The ICATES committee members were managed this event in a particular room as a studio along with two appointed MCs. The conference was officially opened by the Rector of Syiah Kuala University and it is broadcast lively via YouTube platform with recorded participants reach 416 were joined. The invited speakers from UiTM Malaysia and UGM Gadjah Mada University were firstly started the session, while the Keynote speaker from Julius Kuhn Institute, Germany started his session on 13.30 (Indonesia Time) or 08.30 in Germany.

The many opportunities for mitigating atmospheric carbon emissions in developing countries include reforesting degraded lands, implementing sustainable agricultural practices on existing lands and slowing tropical deforestation. This analysis shows that over the next 10 years, 48 major tropical and subtropical developing countries have the potential to reduce the atmospheric carbon burden by about 2.3 billion tonnes of carbon. Given a central price of $10 per tonne of carbon and a discount rate of 3%, this mitigation would generate a net present value of about $16.8 billion collectively for these countries. Achieving these potentials would require a significant global effort, covering more than 50 million hectares of land, to implement carbon-friendly practices in agriculture, forest and previously forested lands. These estimates of host-country income potentials do not consider that outside financial investment may or may not be available. Our calculations take no account of the additional benefits of carbon sequestration in forest soils undergoing reforestation, increased use of biomass and reduced use of fossil-fuel inputs and reduced agricultural emissions. In all events, realizing these incomes would necessitate substantially greater policy support and investment in sustainable land uses than is currently the case.

The Biological Resource Centre for the Environment BRC4Env is a network of Biological Resource Centres (BRCs) and collections whose leading objectives are to improve the visibility of genetic and biological resources maintained by its BRCs and collections and to facilitate their use by a large research community, from agriculture research to life sciences and environmental sciences. Its added value relies on sharing skills, harmonizing practices, triggering projects in comparative biology, and ultimately proposing a single-entry portal to facilitate access to documented samples, taking into account the partnership policies of research institutions as well as the legal frame which varies with the biological nature of resources. BRC4Env currently includes three BRCs: the Centre for Soil Genetic Resources of the platform GenoSol, in partnership with the European Conservatory of Soil Samples; the Egg Parasitoids Collection (EP-Coll); and the collection of ichthyological samples, Colisa. BRC4Env is also associated to several biological collections: microbial consortia (entomopathogenic bacteria, freshwater microalgae…), terrestrial arthropods, nematodes (plant parasitic, entomopathogenic, animal parasitic...), and small mammals. The BRCs and collections of BRC4Env are involved in partnership with academic scientists, as well as private companies, in the fields of medicinal mining, biocontrol, sustainable agriculture, and additional sectors. Moreover, the staff of the BRCs is involved in many training courses for students from French licence degree to Ph.D, engineers, as well as ongoing training.