Abstract
This chapter discusses a new principle, namely “ice grain boundary electrophoresis,” for the fabrication of size-tunable fluidic nano- and microchannels by freezing an aqueous solution (Inagawa and Okada in Ice grain boundary electrophoresis. In: Proceeding of MicroTAS2013, pp 560–562, 2013, [1]; Inagawa et al. in Sci Rep 5:17308, 2015, [2]). Grooves filled with FCSs are spontaneously formed on the surface of ice when an aqueous solution of the appropriate dopant is frozen. Sucrose-doping allows the development of grooves with lengths of 300 μm along the boundaries of the ice crystal grains. This chapter focuses on the control of the size of the liquid-filled groove and reveals its applicability to the size-selective differentiation of nano- and micromaterials. The width of this groove can be varied across the range 200 nm–4 μm by adjusting the working temperature of the frozen platform. The channel dimension is reproducible when the same frozen conditions are employed. The size-selective entrapment of particles by controlling the physical interference of the ice wall is demonstrated.
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