‘I Would have an End to the Earthquakes and Gas Extraction’. A Qualitative Study Into Needs of Children Affected by Small Scale Earthquakes in the Netherlands

Natural earthquakes do not occur in the northern part of the Netherlands. Yet, small earthquakes have regularly struck the area since the 1980s. For a long time, it was denied that these earthquakes were caused by the extraction of gas in the area and that these earthquakes could cause any damage. When more, and more severe, earthquakes struck the province of Groningen, these claims became unsustainable. In 2012, a relatively strong earthquake hit the area and the earthquakes became a national policy issue that threatened the legitimacy of the state. The crisis lingered on until 2018 when the national government finally realized that prolonged extraction would cause a deep crisis and decided to terminate the extraction of gas well before the depletion of the field. We argue that this visible and enduring crisis was not recognized and sufficiently addressed because of a societal dependency on the extraction of gas. The crisis was actively suppressed by the main actors, which ultimately undermined the legitimacy of the gas production and the state.

Background Gas extraction in the Dutch province of Groningen began in 1963 and was initially seen as an economic boon for the nation. Yet, it turned into a significant burden for the region, leading to earthquakes, damage to houses and property, complicated compensation processes, recovery, and reinforcement programs, as well as a lack of recognition. In 2016, the research group Gronings Perspectief (GP) was established with the objective of independently monitoring the public health and safety impact of the gas-extraction crisis from the residents’ perspective. Methods Monitoring activities take place in dialogue with sounding boards comprising residents, professionals, scientists, and local and national governments. GP employs a longitudinal mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research methods. Representative panel surveys are conducted yearly among residents in the provinces of Groningen (twice) and Drenthe (once). Additionally, 20 in-depth interviews are carried out each year, alongside a survey among households in the reinforcement program. GP analyses the periodic health monitors conducted by municipal health authorities. All reports are publicly accessible. Results Since 2016, monitoring consistently points to a profound and enduring effect of housing damage on health and well-being, subjective safety, risk perceptions, trust in governments and agencies among residents. The impact of the procedural burden imposed by governments and institutions, is as significant as the effects of earthquakes and housing damage. Conclusions GP’s findings were included in a parliamentary inquiry, which concluded in 2023 that the interests of residents were persistently neglected in favour of economic gain. New risk reduction and reconciliation programs are introduced. Despite the recent decision to end the gas extraction, continuation of GP is needed to monitor further developments. Key messages • GP’s stakeholder-driven monitoring approach made the impact of the gas-extraction crisis visible. • Enduring public health and safety risks, beyond the gas extraction, require continuing monitoring.

The transition from hospital to home for children and their caregivers has been understudied, particularly in the context of children with complex illnesses. This pilot study aimed to explore caregivers' and nurses' perceptions of unmet needs during this transition and to make recommendations for future research. In this qualitative study, data were collected through separately conducted focused group discussions with caregivers (n = 6) and nurses (n = 6). The discussions were facilitated by an experienced qualitative researcher, ensuring an unbiased approach. Emergent themes were categorized into four areas: (1) Insufficient Caregiver Involvement in Child Care, (2) Knowledge Gaps Hindering Effective Post-Transition Care, (3) Barriers to Accessing Community Health Resources, and (4) Evolving Perspectives on Transition Care. Findings suggest significant opportunities to enhance paediatric transition care practices and better prepare caregivers to shift from hospital to home. Thematic analysis, following Braun and Clarke's (2006) framework, was used to analyze the data.

Purpose: The response of each child to terminal illness treatment is highly individual. This will certainly affect the level and type of perceived needs. This study is conducted to examine the needs of children with terminal illness from the perspective of nurses and parents. Method: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted in this research. The data collection process included in-depth interviews with eight nurses and eleven parents and focus group discussion with seven nurses. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: Based on the perspective of nurses and parents the needs of children with terminal illness in the biological aspect require the fulfilment of basic biological needs, a therapy programme with minimal side effects, intervention to improve comfort, optimal infection prevention, and on-going care. While in the psychological aspects, the children and parents need information, motivation, tools to overcome the anxiety of parents, parental involvement and education for children and families. In the social aspect there are the children’s need to play, need for school, and need for social support. In the spiritual aspect, the children need to be able to pray, receive spiritual guidance, and also to have spiritual guidance to prepare for death, and die with dignity. Conclusion: The needs of a child with terminal illness are complex and require special attention from the nurse. Therefore, nurses have a very important role to be able to comprehensively assess the needs of children with terminal illness in an effort to improve the quality of life of children.

For decades, the Netherlands has experienced minor earthquakes due to gas extraction. This study aims to obtain insight into the experiences of adolescents and the impact of these earthquakes on their well-being and living environment. Focus groups were held with 24 adolescents, and interviews were held with 3 adolescents (N = 27; M = 15 years). Through qualitative analysis, we identified six themes. The adolescents shared experiences of anxiety related to the earthquakes and their consequences and considered these to be a normal part of their life. Anxiety and feelings of endangerment not only related to their own experiences but were also connected to the impact of earthquakes on their social environment, such as the restoration of buildings. Several sources of support (e.g., talking, social cohesion) were mentioned to deal with the negative consequences of the earthquakes. A lack of trust in the government was an additional main theme, with adolescents mentioning several needs, potentially relevant to policymakers in the Netherlands. Growing up in the gas extraction area of Groningen had many consequences on the adolescents in the study, who felt inhibited from expressing feelings of anxiety and fear. To support their needs, interventions at the individual, family, educational, societal, and policy levels are recommended.

Objectives To explore how children of mothers newly diagnosed with breast cancer perceive their mother's illness and its initial treatment; to contrast their accounts with the mothers' perceptions of their...

Purpose – In one school institution, there is two formal education consisting of CIN and regular students so that social inequality does not occur, and the same pattern of behavior is applied without distinguishing students’ shortcomings. This study aimed to analyze the behavior patterns of placement of students with special needs and regular students in learning in inclusive classes.Design/methods/approach – The method used in this research is the qualitative method of the Miles and Huberman case study. The population and sample in this study were 8 grade IV elementary school teachers, while the sampling technique was carried out using the proportional sampling method. The types of research data are primary and secondary, while the research data collection techniques are carried out by observation, interviews, and recording methods. The research stages include data reduction; data analysis starts from teacher planning in learning, evaluation of learning in inclusive classes, as well as teacher behavior patterns during the learning process for students with special needs and regular students; data verification or conclusions are drawn by reporting the results of the analysis.Findings – The research findings prove that the behavior to not differentiate between CIN and regular students is to use group learning methods consisting of CIN and regular students and to instill character education in CIN students, and through a motivational approach that strengthens the confidence of CIN students to partner with regular students.Research implications/limitations – This study was limited to where inclusive schools must prepare everything, be it teachers, students, or learning tools. Practical implications – Pattern behavior placement CIN and regular students in learning same without distinguishing and see the social status, physical, and intellectual intelligence. The differences are not in behavior patterns but learning tools such as syllabi, lesson plans, and exam questions. Teachers and students have stable values and a sense of tolerance for the differences and drawbacks of CIN students.Originality/value – In one class with special and regular students, learning activities are only in inclusive schools but in formal, informal, and non-formal schools.
 Paper type Case study

Therapeutic horseback riding (THR) has a positive effect on the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning of children with disabilities. Parents’ reports of the effects of THR on their children support professionals in individualizing the THR program. With this qualitative study, we aimed to explore parents’ perceptions of changes in the basic life needs of their children with disabilities after six months of THR lessons and to survey parents’ explanations for the causes of these changes. The study involved parents of 13 children with disabilities who were enrolled in a six-month THR program. Parents continuously monitored their children and wrote a report on possible changes in their child’s needs according to Virginia Henderson’s need theory. Qualitative content analysis of parents’ reports indicated only positive changes in 11 children. Most codes were identified in categories “relationships and communication with other people” and “movement and posturing”. Other categories identified codes such as easier breathing, a better quality of sleep, better appetite, better elimination of stool and urine, more independence in clothing and maintaining personal hygiene, and greater interest in play and learning. Parents’ reports are further supported by the assessments of professionals. Most parents think THR is responsible for the noticeable improvements in their children’s quality of life.

Living in Two Worlds – Children's Experiences After Their Parents' Divorce – A Qualitative Study

Benefit sharing arrangements are a central element of the interactions between oil companies and local communities in resource regions of the Arctic and sub-Arctic. This paper focused on developing a systematic understanding and typology of benefit sharing arrangements within the oil sector in the Russian Arctic and sub-Arctic, using the Irkutsk Oil Region as a case study. It provided a critical analysis of prevalent arrangements and practices (modes and mechanisms of benefit sharing), as well as examined institutional and social underpinnings of these benefit sharing frameworks. Qualitative methodology with semi-structured interviews were used. The paper demonstrated that sub-Arctic communities are not equally benefiting from oil and gas extraction. Despite a considerable variety of existing arrangements revealed by this study, no benefit sharing mode or mechanism prevalent today ensures sustainable development of local communities. This may stem from the incompatibility between post-Soviet legacies, corporate social responsibility principles, and local institutional frameworks. Although focused on a particular region, this research was indicative of general benefit sharing patterns in modern Russia and beyond.

Chapter 9 - Global discourses, national priorities, and community experiences of participation in the energy infrastructure projects in northern Russia

Fraeylemaborg is a noble house in an earthquake-stricken area of the Netherlands due to the induced seismicity events in the region. The structure is located in the middle of the town of Slochteren which gave its name to the largest gas field in the world upon its discovery in 1959. The gas extraction has caused small-magnitude shallow earthquakes during the last decade, damaging not only the residential inventory but also the historical structures in the area. The main building of Fraeylemaborg sits on an artificial island surrounded by water channels, rendering the problem of earthquake response even more complicated. A small part of the main structure on the island was built in the 14th century, while the construction of additional parts and morphological alterations had taken place until the 18th century. The structure has been subjected to several small magnitude earthquakes causing damages on the load bearing system. An extensive renovation and repair of damages took place in recent years, however the latest seismic events imposed again damage to the structure. This paper presents a project of monitoring, assessment and diagnosis of problems for the Fraeylemaborg, the most important “borg” of the region, underlining the particularities of the induced seismicity problem. The FE model has been calibrated by using ambient vibration tests. Combination of earthquake and soil settlement loads have been applied on the calibrated model. The paper develops scenarios that help in explaining the reasons behind the damages on this structure during the recent shallow and low-magnitude induced seismicity earthquakes.

Background: Cancer diseases in children and adolescents are considered to be one of the most serious health problems in the world. It is estimated that about 151,435 cases are diagnosed in children annually. Children with cancer experience many comorbid symptoms related to diagnosis and treatment that can profoundly affect their lives. They experience physical and emotional suffering, which affects their well-being and physical fitness, influencing the prognosis and deteriorating their physical, mental and social functioning. Given the limited data, an attempt was made to assess the problems of the biopsychosocial sphere of need and stressors among children and adolescents treated for cancer. Accurate symptom assessment is essential to ensure high-quality care and effective treatment. Patients and Methods: The qualitative study was conducted in pediatric oncology of hospitals in Poland. Children diagnosed with cancer were invited to participate in the study to assess their problems, stressors and needs. Results: The study included 520 people, where female sex constituted 48% and male 52%. The mean age of the children is 13.2 SD = 2.5. Negative experiences related to the disease are experienced by 82% of children. Among the surveyed children, the most experienced were anxiety (61%). The conducted research shows that as many as 69% of all respondents experienced states that indicate severe depression. The most common somatic problems reported by children were pain (58%). The most dominant areas of life that had a negative impact was body image (85%). Conclusions: Children and adolescents diagnosed with neoplastic disease experience many problems and stressors in every sphere of life, which undoubtedly affects a high level of unmet needs. The main category of needs concerning the challenges faced by children with cancer was psychological and care problems. In the youth group, the needs were mainly related to education and social support.

Indonesia is an archipelagic country located at the confluence of four tectonic plates and there are volcanic arcs along the islands of Sumatra-Java-Nusa Tenggara-Sulawesi. This condition causes Indonesia to be in a condition prone to natural disasters, especially volcanic eruptions. Disasters have a more serious impact on vulnerable groups. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect research data. Researchers collected demographic data at the research stage and then conducted direct interviews with research informants through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussion. A total of 24 participants were involved in this study which were taken using purposive sampling. The research was conducted on preschool and school aged children (3-12 years) who were affected by the eruption of Mount Semeru in Lumajang Regency, Indonesia. The Mount Semeru eruption disaster resulted in psychological problems in children because peer separation, behavior, and borderline personality disorder have been widely reported in volcanic eruption disasters. Good social support is an important aspect in the process of recovering children after a disaster. Rapid life changes encourage parents to adapt immediately to meet the needs of children.

Age- and Sex-Specific Needs for Children Undergoing Inflammatory Bowel Disease Surgery: A Qualitative Study.