Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxicity is the model commonly exploited to produce hepatic damage. This model is used to screen drugs with hepatoprotective activity on various experimental animals and to validate their liver protecting property. Carbon tetrachloride gets accumulated in hepatic parenchymal cells and is metabolically activated by cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases to generate free radicals which covalently bind with tissue macromolecules like carbohydrates and proteins causing disturbances in cellular homeostasis. This may lead to the initiation of lipid peroxidation a sequence of chain reactions in cellular membranes which ultimately may result in steatosis. The present study was an attempt to study the anti-hepatotoxic, hypolipidemic and hypoglycaemic effect of S. nigrum against CCl4 - induced hepatotoxicity in female mice. The hypolipidemic, hypoglycaemic and hepatoprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract of S. nigrum was evaluated by various biochemical parameters and by histopathological examination. Carbon tetrachloride administration caused a significant increase in liver total lipids, triglyceride (TG), cholesterol and free fatty acid content. Similarly serum low density lipoproteins (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein levels (VLDL-C) and bilirubin were elevated after toxin administration, while serum high density lipoproteins (HDL-C) was lowered as compared to vehicle control. It was observed that oral administration of the toxin caused a significant increase in blood glucose level, while a significant decrease was observed in the glycogen and protein content of the liver and albumin content of serum as compared to vehicle control. Oral administration of S. nigrum effectively mitigated the changes induced by CCl4 in a dose - dependent manner. Our results indicated S. nigrum exerts hepatoprotective property by stabilizing tissue macromolecules resulting in maintenance of cellular hemeostasis.
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