Abstract
Chondrocytes are known to be physiologically loaded with diverse physical factors such as compressive stress, shear stress and hydrostatic pressure. Although the effects of those mechanical stimuli onto various cell models have been widely studied, those of hypergravity have not yet been revealed clearly. Hereby, we hypothesized that the hypergravity affects relative positions of intracellular elements including nucleus and cytoskeletons due to their density differences, triggering mechanotransduction in the cell. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hypergravity on c-fos expression in the murine ATDC5 chondroprogenitor cells, as c-fos is a well known key regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation, including in chondrocytes. We first found that hypergravity down-regulated c-fos expression transiently via ROCK/Rho-GTP and PI3K signaling, and the down-regulation was suppressed by inhibition of actin polymerization.
Highlights
Along with biochemical stimuli, mechanical stimuli are currently known to trigger essential intracellular signals in various cell species
We investigated the effects of greater hypergravity on the murine ATDC5 chondroprogenitor cells
We investigated the effect of hypergravity on the murine ATDC5 chondroprogenitor cells
Summary
Mechanical stimuli are currently known to trigger essential intracellular signals in various cell species. Mechanical stimuli such as hydrostatic pressure, compressive stress and tensile stress are widely utilized in the field of mechanobiology [1,2,3,4,5]. Among mechanical stimuli, altered gravity involving microgravity and hypergravity has attracted interest for studying the effects of space flight. Several reports have shown that altered gravity exerts various effects on mammalian cell models[6,7,8,9].
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