Hyperandrogenism in female adolescents.

Abstract

Female adolescence is normally accompanied by increased adrenal and ovarian production of androgens. Indeed it is not uncommon in early to midpuberty to see typical features of adult polycystic ovary syndrome, with luteinizing hormone-driven ovarian hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, acne, anovulation, oligomenorrhea, and large, multifollicular ovaries. Unfortunately, no single prospective test can differentiate girls in whom this maturational stage is self-limited from those in whom it will progress to adult polycystic ovary syndrome with hirsutism and anovular infertility. An occasional hirsute adolescent will prove by corticotropin testing to have a nonclassical variant of adrenal 21-hydroxylase deficiency and will benefit from glucocorticoid therapy. The prevalence or even the existence of mild 11 beta-hydroxylase or 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency is more problematic. Given these difficulties of exact diagnosis and prognosis, therapy for the adolescent with mild hirsutism, acne, or oligomenorrhea should be conservative.