Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the optimal conditions for solid fuel production from sewage sludge by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at relatively low temperatures and then to determine the fuel properties of the obtained hydrochar. HTC experiments were conducted at 100–200 °C for 0, 30 and 60 min, respectively. The maximum hydrochar yield, about 890 g/kg, was obtained at 150 °C for 60 min. However, the hydrochar produced at 150 °C for 30 min had the highest higher heating value (HHV) of 16.17 MJ/kg. The produced hydrochars under different reaction conditions are competitive to the low-rank coal like peat. Results from this work suggest that HTC at 150 °C for 30 min is the most suitable condition for solid biofuel production from the sampled sewage sludge only, achieving an energy recovery efficiency of 0.92. Under the above HTC conditions, the produced char demonstrates a high grindability highlighting its suitability as solid fuel for energy generation.
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