Hydropower Potential of North East Region: A Boon for Renewable and Clean Energy Source to the Whole of India

Strong governance is vital for developing environmental policies to promote renewable energy consumption and discourage nonrenewable energy sources. The present research explores the effect of economic growth and different governance indicators on renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka using data from 1996 to 2019. For this purpose, the study uses different econometric techniques to find the long-term effects of the rule of law, regulatory quality, corruption control, government effectiveness, political stability, voice and accountability, and economic growth on oil, natural gas, coal, hydroelectricity, and renewable energy consumption. The results show that economic growth has a positive impact on all investigated renewable and nonrenewable energy sources. Additionally, regulatory quality measures also increase all types of renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption. Except for natural gas, the impact of the rule of law is negative, and government effectiveness positively affects all energy sources. Control of corruption has a positive effect on natural gas consumption. Political stability has a negative effect on nonrenewable energy sources and a positive impact on renewable energy sources. The magnitudes of the effects of economic growth and most governance indicators are found to be larger on nonrenewable sources than renewable sources. The testing of the energy consumption and governance nexus is scant in global literature and is missing in South Asian literature. Hence, the study results contribute to how South Asian economies can be more sustainable in energy use by enhancing governance indicators in the economies. Particularly, the results imply that these countries should focus on improving the rule of law, corruption control, governance, regulatory quality, political stability, and economic growth to help maintain a sustainable balance of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources. Moreover, this issue needs further attention in developing countries, as governance indicators would play an effective role in promoting sustainable energy.

The optimal technological choice for sustainable development lies in renewable energy sources (RES). However, the potential offered by RES utilization poses significant challenges for mobile technologies and everyday living. Despite extensive research and information highlighting the benefits of renewable energy, there remains considerable debate, and limited awareness persists. The advantages of RES are not fully comprehended, raising concerns about its consistent application. Regrettably, lack of knowledge and a fundamental understanding hinders effective dissemination. To gauge the attitudes of residents in regions where RES is employed, this study employed a questionnaire authored by the researcher. The study was conducted between June 2022 and January 2023, with a total of 12,428 participants completing the survey. The sampling method utilized an online form distributed via various social media channels and among local contacts of the authors in Poland, Sweden, and France. Gender allocation: 58% male and 42% female. Respondents shared their perspectives on ecology and disclosed their familiarity with RES utilization. Results indicate public skepticism regarding the adequacy of RES security measures and the level of knowledge for its effective use. Insufficient experts, limited social advocacy, and reliance on online sources contribute to a low level of awareness. In several EU countries, the absence of widely accepted and easily accessible information on renewable energy sources (RES) hinders knowledge sharing and adoption. Despite the EU's efforts to promote renewable energy through directives and subsidies, rural communities in these countries often lack adequate education and awareness about RES technologies. This gap in knowledge contributes to unfavorable perceptions, with some residents viewing renewables as unreliable or economically unfeasible options compared to traditional energy sources like coal or natural gas. Additionally, bureaucratic hurdles and inconsistent government policies further complicate the transition to renewable energy, discouraging investment and innovation in the sector. As a result, while the EU aims for a sustainable energy future, these barriers impede the widespread growth of RES and hinder progress towards climate targets. In Poland the study found that 76% of respondents expressed favorable perceptions of RES, indicating a general inclination towards adopting clean energy solutions. In Sweden, the analysis uncovered a high level of environmental awareness among participants, with 85% of respondents expressing concern about environmental degradation. Despite this awareness, 62% of participants reported reservations about the security and affordability of energy derived from renewable sources. Additionally, 48% of respondents expressed uncertainty or ambivalence regarding the environmental benefits of RES. In France, the research revealed similar concerns among respondents regarding the security and affordability of renewable energy. 59% of participants expressed reservations about the security of energy derived from renewable sources, while 53% cited perceived high costs as a barrier to adoption. Furthermore, 41% of respondents identified underdeveloped RES infrastructure as a hindrance to wider acceptance and utilization. The quantitative data highlights the complex landscape of renewable energy perceptions and attitudes in Poland, Sweden, and France. While there is a general awareness of environmental issues and a positive inclination towards clean energy solutions, concerns about security, affordability, and infrastructure remain significant barriers to widespread adoption. These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions and educational efforts to address these challenges and promote sustainable energy practices across Europe. Renewable energy sources (RES) represent a critical avenue for sustainable development, offering a pathway to mitigate environmental degradation and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. This study investigates public attitudes, knowledge levels, and barriers to RES adoption in rural areas of Poland, Sweden, and France, highlighting the unique socio-economic and cultural factors influencing these regions. Conducted between June 2022 and January 2023, the research utilized an online survey, gathering responses from 12,428 participants across these countries. Respondents evaluated statements on environmental responsibility, RES knowledge and application, and perceived obstacles, using a five-point Likert scale. Key findings reveal that while environmental awareness is high, significant barriers persist in the form of limited knowledge, underdeveloped infrastructure, and perceptions of high costs associated with RES. In Poland, 76% of respondents expressed a positive view of RES but cited concerns about cost and security. Swedish participants demonstrated strong environmental awareness (85%), yet 62% voiced reservations about RES affordability and reliability. French respondents similarly highlighted concerns regarding infrastructure and costs, with 41% identifying underdeveloped RES systems as a primary hindrance. The study underscores the importance of targeted educational campaigns and policy interventions to bridge knowledge gaps and foster greater acceptance of RES. Tailored strategies addressing local barriers-such as financial incentives, community-based advocacy, and infrastructure investments-are essential to overcoming these challenges. By exploring diverse perspectives and barriers across the three countries, this research contributes valuable insights to the broader discourse on sustainable energy transitions in the EU.

Environmental degradation and depletion of natural resources make us think about how we can get electricity and heat from renewable sources. This article discusses the theoretical foundations and characteristics of RES, analyzes foreign experience and Russian achievements in the organization and development of RES. The analysis showed that on a global scale, the key to energy policy is the transition from environmentally friendly fuels to clean renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources account for more than a quarter (26%) of global electricity production. Over the past 20 years, the world’s electricity production based on renewable energy has increased more than 10 times, solar and wind energy are developing. Thanks to comprehensive policy measures, investments in research and development in the field of alternative energy in Europe, the USA, etc., renewable energy technology has become widespread. Thanks to technological advances in this area, these countries are currently facing a reduction in the cost of electricity generated using renewable energy sources. Despite the world experience, the obvious advantages of renewable energy sources (inexhaustibility of energy resources, environmental friendliness, lack of a fuel component in the cost of energy produced) and their huge potential in Russia, the development of unconventional energy has not been adequately developed. The share of RES in electricity production in the country is 0.2%

Hydrogen farm concept: A Perspective for Turkey

PurposeThe aim of the paper is to examine the renewable energy resources for enhancing a green energy development in the face of energy crisis and climate change, and to explore the prospects for “new” renewable energy sources and the green energy initiatives taken in the Pacific Island countries (PICs).Design/methodology/approachThe data were collated from a wide variety of sources including policy documents, road maps, reports, research articles on renewable and green energy sources. The methodology adopted was primarily a qualitative one based on a “content analysis”.FindingsThe findings reveal that increasing emphases have been given recently to “new” renewable and green energy sources in the Pacific Island countries as mitigation and adaptation strategies to fuel crisis and climate change. PICs have taken a wide range of green energy initiatives including “biomass”, solar, wind and other non‐traditional renewable energy sources and bio‐fuels development. Prospects for coconut, copra and palm‐oil based bio‐fuels do exist in many PICs. Opportunities for ethanol bio‐fuels also exist especially in Fiji.Practical implicationsRenewable and green energy sources are of practical implications to PICs. There is, however, a greater need for framing sound energy policies by the PICs.Originality/valueThe author has brought out clear linkages between climate change and green energy development and analyzed the importance of new renewable energy sources, especially in PICs. The paper has higher policy relevance and it is of great value in the context of sustainable energy development in PICs.

Kicking the Oil Addiction

The last decade has seen significant attention and debate among academics, policymakers, and the broader public about how to accelerate the “clean energy transition” in the United States. Legal academics have made valuable contributions to the literature in this field, developing a rich body of scholarship on a broad range of legal, policy, economic, and technological aspects of the clean energy transition. But this scholarship has for the most part ignored the role of rural electric cooperatives, which serve 15% of U.S. electricity consumers. This scholarship gap has important implications. Rural electric cooperatives, first created by local communities in the United States in the early part of the twentieth century to electrify rural America, now exclusively serve over half of the U.S. landmass. As such, these cooperatives are positioned to be key players in building land-intensive renewable energy resources and expanding the electric grid. And while cooperatives today own and operate fewer coal-fired power plants than they have in decades past, as not-for-profit entities, the drivers for cooperatives to retire existing carbon-intensive power plants and build new clean energy are fundamentally different than the drivers for other actors in the electricity sector shaped by profit motives. Understanding these differences is critical to avoid leaving rural America with billions of dollars of stranded assets that struggle to compete against low-cost clean energy. In this Article, we draw on the structure and foundational principles underlying the cooperative form itself to offer a framework for rural electric cooperatives to thrive in the clean energy transition. Notably, the proposals we develop in this Article do not primarily rely on imposing new federal or state clean energy mandates on cooperatives, as has been the focus of the limited legal scholarship that exists to date. The long history of Congress and state legislatures allowing cooperatives to “self-regulate” makes exclusive reliance on such mandates a limited solution at best. Instead, we draw on the seven “Cooperative Principles” that govern all cooperatives—open and voluntary membership; democratic member control; members’ economic participation; autonomy and independence; education, training, and information; cooperation among cooperatives; and concern for community. Emphasis on these principles allows cooperatives to engage in the clean energy transition in a way that builds on their history and foundational principles as self-help organizations controlled by their members. Such an approach also recognizes the foundational role of member control within cooperatives, which has the potential to inform broader calls for increasing democratic accountability and racial and gender equity within the clean energy transition.

Recently, hydro-electric nanotechnology is touted as promising next-generation renewable energy because it can employ environmentally friendly sources for producing electricity. However, conventional hydro-electric nanotechnology is hampered by limitations, such as artificial induction of water stream and a low production level of energy. In this work, we developed an autonomous water harvesting & sustainable electrical energy generation system that overcomes the limitations of conventional renewable energy. Autonomous water harvesting & sustainable electrical energy generation system was successfully achieved with two distinctive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), that are, an amine-functionalized Zr-based MOF (UiO-66-NH2) particles for atmospheric water harvesting, and a highly conductive Ni3(HITP)2 (HITP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene) MOF-grown cotton-fabric for producing electrical energy. The environmentally responsive UiO-66-NH2 harvests water from airborne air and the condensed water spontaneously produces electrical potential between wet- and dry-Ni3(HITP)2, resulting in electrical energy generation with a maximum power and energy densities of 2.6 μW cm-3 and 1.1 mJ cm-3, respectively. Our integrated water harvesting and energy generation systems can pave the way for realizing a hydro-electric nanogenerator as a next-generation energy harvesting system. Figure 1

De-risking Renewable Energy Investments in Developing Countries: A Multilateral Guarantee Mechanism

As per International Energy Agency (IEA), extensive implementation of Smart Grids is vital to attaining a reliable and sustainable energy future. IEA believes that the Smart Grid can perform an important function to enable clean energy technologies because the present tendencies in the supply and usage of energy are becoming increasingly unsustainable. The following are the key recommendations by IEA: Enabling technology; Deploying in developing countries; and International collaboration. An increase in energy requirement and climate change has put sustainable development in focus which is reflected in United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The assimilation of clean and sustainable energy generation, optimal transmission and distribution, and optimal utilization based on Smart Grid technologies is the essential path to sustainable development. Current deficiencies in the sustainable energy supply chain are the irregularity in the generation and low utilization efficiency of the power system. This chapter discusses the role that Smart Grid systems play to achieve energy sustainability. Among other things, a Smart Grid system helps achieve sustainable electrical energy initiatives by: Improving utilization of renewable sources of energy; Optimal storage of renewable energy output; Increasing consumption efficiency; and Flexible transmission and distribution. To sum up, a Smart Grid makes renewable energy sources sustainable by resolving the inherent deficiencies introduced by these sources.

Energy production and sustainable energy policies in Turkey

The consumption of existing fossil fuels is untenable and accompanied by greenhouse gas (GHGs) production that favours the worsening of the global warming issue. Therefore, the current demand for energy needs to be fulfilled with renewable and sustainable resources. Thus, the use of applicable technologies like hydrogen fuel, water, and wastewater treatment, solar cells, enzyme catalysts, biofuel (algae and lignocellulosic biomass), bio-crude, wind energy, and nanotechnology (NTs) addressed to the biotechnologies, and the pertinent patents for manipulating future energy sources for an eco-friendly environment are reviewed in this chapter. This book chapter also addresses the application of bio-nanotechnologies for the generation of renewable and sustainable energy. In addition, the nano-catalysts (metal-supported or metal) used in the generation of energy from renewable sources are also discussed in-depth. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the world's most feasible renewable energy sources will allow for the most effective use of the available energy and its byproducts while having the least negative effects on the environment.

The implementation of measures to promote renewable energy sources (RES) has shown to have a significant impact in reducing CO2 emissions and, at the same time, promotes technology substitution and changes in the energy production and consumption mix. In this paper, we look at RES regulation measures together with variables capturing economic freedom, business and investment freedom, difficulty of starting a business and cost of contract enforcement and look at assessing the effects of these on the development of new installations of RES. Our analysis shows that not only RES regulation is significant in promoting increased RES capacity but it does so in the presence of the correct signs of these other market variables: higher economic and investment freedom, less complicated procedures for starting up a business and lower cost of contract enforcement, all have a positive effect in installed RES capacity. Our results have significant policy implications as they point out that RES regulation and market initiatives go in tandem in promoting higher use of RES in energy production. These are separate channels with which policy makers can work to affect many positive spillovers that extend from higher investment activity, to energy innovation and lower emissions.

Promoting clean energy transition in rural areas is a key path to achieving global sustainable development, protecting public health, and promoting ecological livability. Based on data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this paper employs a multi-dimensional fixed effects model to evaluate the impact of income inequality on rural households’ clean energy transition (CET) and examines its underlying mechanisms. Research findings indicate that income inequality significantly suppresses rural households’ CET, primarily by reducing basic energy consumption and hindering the upgrading of basic energy consumption structures. Government governance quality exerts a significant negative moderating effect on the relationship between income inequality and rural households’ CET. Further analysis shows that the inhibitory effect of income inequality on CET is more significant in the regions with a low economic development level and low coal resource endowment, and in the western and northeastern regions of China. Therefore, while continuously promoting rural income growth, the government should prioritize equitable distribution, strengthen institutional capacity-building, improve the social service and security system, and facilitate rural households’ CET.

Sudan is an agricultural country with fertile land, plenty of water resources, livestock, forestry resources and agricultural residues. Energy is one of the key factors for the development of national economies in Sudan. An overview of the energy situation in Sudan is introduced with reference to the end uses and regional distribution. Energy sources are divided into two main types; conventional energy (woody biomass, petroleum products, and electricity); and non-conventional energy (solar, wind, hydro, etc). Sudan possesses a relatively high abundance of sunshine, solar radiation, moderate wind speeds, hydro, and biomass energy resources. Application of new and renewable sources of energy available in Sudan is now a major issue in the future energy strategic planning for the alternative to the fossil conventional energy to provide part of the local energy demand. Sudan is an important case study in the context of renewable energy. It has a long history of meeting its energy needs through renewable. Sudan’s renewable portfolio is broad and diverse, due in part to the country’s wide range of climates and landscapes. Like many of the African leaders in renewable energy utilisation, Sudan has a well-defined commitment to continue research, development, and implementation of new technologies. Sustainable low-carbon energy scenarios for the new century emphasise the untapped potential of renewable resources. Rural areas of Sudan can benefit from this transition. The increased availability of reliable and efficient energy services stimulates new development alternatives. It is concluded that renewable environmentally friendly energy must be encouraged, promoted, implemented, and demonstrated by full-scale plan especially for use in remote rural areas. Key words: Sudan, energy, consumption patterns, renewable energy potential, sustainable development, impacts on environment, mitigations.