Abstract
The paper is concerned with a simple hydrometallurgical method for the selective recovery of cadmium and nickel from spent Ni–Cd batteries. The following consecutive stages are proposed: dismantling, leaching in sulphuric acid, cadmium electrowinning, Fe 3+ removal and nickel electrowinning. The influence of H 2O 2 addition to the leaching solution on the efficiency of the dissolution process was investigated. The electrowinning of cadmium was carried out at various pH and current densities (100 and 400 A/m 2). Fe 3+ ions were removed from the bath by hydroxide precipitation. Nickel electrolyses were conducted at pH of 9 and two current densities (100 and 400 A/m 2). Concentrations of Ni 2+, Cd 2+ and Fe 3+ ions as well as cathode potentials and electrolysis voltages were monitored during the electrowinning. Efficiencies of leaching and electrolysis were calculated. Final products were metals of high purity (98–100% Cd, 98–99% Ni). Maximum total recoveries of cadmium and nickel from spent Ni–Cd batteries were 92% and 67%, respectively. A preliminary assessment of an economic viability of the proposed treatment was undertaken.
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