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Abstract
Bank filtration is often utilized at groundwater intake plants located in sand and gravel-dominated glaciofluvial formations bordered by a lake or a river. Bank filtration is favourable, since it can increase the amount of water that can be sustainably abstracted from an aquifer, and it may balance changes in the groundwater level. On the other hand, bank filtration may lower groundwater quality if the quality of infiltrating surface water is not sufficient. To provide up-to-date information for risk management and preparedness plans that are applicable to groundwater intake plants utilising bank filtration, several tools and methods were tested. A feasible test site was selected for piloting to better understand the processes that take place during bank filtration. Several traditional research methods were used to map the geological structure of the test aquifer. In addition, methods to assess seasonal changes in groundwater recharge patterns and groundwater quantity, as well as surface water and groundwater quality, were tested and piloted. The studies enabled the identification of infiltration zones from the lake to the aquifer, as well as the main groundwater flow paths within the aquifer. The conducted studies also provided practical experience on how to best monitor any future changes in natural surface water–groundwater interaction, as well as in induced bank filtration, expected due to climate change or increasing water demand.
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