Abstract
The objectives of study was to determine hydrochemistry of groundwater in Okitipupa and environs to assess the quality of groundwater for drinking, domestic and irrigation. A total of 27 groundwater samples were collected randomly from different sources and analyzed for major cations and anions. The domination of cations and anions was in the order of K>Na>Ca>Mg and SO4>Cl >HCO3>NO3. The hydrogeochemical facies indicate three dominant facies: non-carbonate hardness exceeds 50 %; non-carbonate alkali exceeds 50 %; and transition zone with no one cation-anion pair exceeds 50 %, while precipitation is the dominant process in the hydrogeochemical evolution of the groundwater samples. The WQI calculated exhibits good (60 %) and poor (40 %) quality water for drinking and domestic purposes. For irrigation assessment, residual sodium carbonate values revealed good irrigation, permeability index values indicates suitable and marginal class, sodium absorption ratio, Kelly ratio, and %Na indicate good irrigation water. The processes controlling the groundwater chemistry are mixing of saline with fresh water and anthropogenic contamination; weathering and cation exchange; mineral precipitation/anthropogenic pollution; and groundwater dilution and mineral dissolution. Consequently the water is fairly suitable for drinking/domestic, and good for irrigation purposes.
Highlights
Groundwater is one of the essential resources on earth for human survival and industrial development (Todd, 1980)
The strong positive correlation that existed among these chemical parameters is an indication of similar source hydrogeochemical processes and clear indication of common anthropogenic source
As at February 2019, when the water samples were collected and analyzed, all the measured parameters are within the recommended limits of the World Health Organization, with Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) values suggesting a fresh water with low electrical conductivity
Summary
Groundwater is one of the essential resources on earth for human survival and industrial development (Todd, 1980). Groundwater is very important in the sense of its practical utility for domestic, irrigation, drinking, and industrial purposes and plays significant role in the living organism that existing in the world. In many world regions, by vector-transmitted diseases associated with vector organisms which breed in the aquatic environment. This problem is enormous since there are 200 million people suffering from one such disease alone, i.e. schistosomiasis (Anonymous, 1996). Since the occurrence of such diseases, and their containment, is closely linked to water resource development projects, pollution sources and effects.
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