Abstract
Corrosion rates of steel alloys were investigated in gas oil and its mixture with waste cooking oil and animal waste lard over 1, 3, 7 and 21 days under desulfurizing condition. Co-processing conditions were attempted to simulate by batch-reactor experiment at temperatures between 200 and 300oC and pressures between 20 and 90 bar in the presence of 2 volume% hydrogen sulfide. Integral and differential corrosion rates were defined by weight losses. Intense sulfide corrosion of carbon steels was less impacted by the biomass sources. Thinner scales in gas oil was probably due to frequent cohesive failure, whereas thicker layers in biomass mixtures were allowed to form to afford limited physical protection. The high corrosion rate of low alloy steel with temperature over time is related to inefficient protection by the metal sulfide scales. Greater activation energy and enthalpy balance in the formation of activated complex is expected to reflect in thick cohesive scales. Loose layers and the less unfavorable entropy balance in the transition state did not lead to valuable barrier protection. High sulfide corrosion resistance of stainless steels is in chemical in nature markedly impacted by the biomass fuel sources and contributed especially by the acidic species. Corrosion rates increased with temperature by magnitude similar to those of carbon steels, which probably owes to the less unfavorable entropy and free energy balance between the initial and transition states of the reactants.
Highlights
1.1 Introduction of the ProblemBiomass fuel sources like vegetable oils and their waste products besides animal waste lard (AWL) are appropriate renewable feedstock for partial substitution of mineral oils in production of biofuels
Modification of the sulfide scales by the biomasses resulted in somewhat better barrier protection of the CSs but it does not lead to enhanced protection over long-term
Catalytic effect of the metal sulfides for further corrosion was found to balance protective nature of the films by time unless the scales are susceptible for frequent breakdown, spalling type cohesion failure
Summary
Biomass fuel sources like vegetable oils and their waste products besides animal waste lard (AWL) are appropriate renewable feedstock for partial substitution of mineral oils in production of biofuels. Biodiesel production is based on trans-esterification or catalytic hydrocracking. Technological parameters of the latter mean temperatures of 320–430oC and pressures of 3.5–5.5 MPa with relative content of the biomass of around 5.5% (Mikulec J, et al, 2010). Some vegetable oils like tall oil with high free-fatty acid content (Craig WK & Soveran DW, 1991; Stumborg M, et al, 1996; Monnier J, et al, 1998; Klass DL, 2004; Knothe G, et al, 2005) is similar to AWL. Heteroatom contents of all fuel sources must be mas.ccsenet.org
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