Abstract
Transport in porous media is critical for many applications in the environment and in the chemical process industry. A key parameter for modeling this transport is the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient for particles and scalars in a porous medium, which has been found to depend on properties of the medium structure, on the dispersing compound, and on the flow field characteristics. Previous studies have resulted in suggestions of different equation forms, showing the relationship between the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient for various types of porous media in various flow regimes and the Peclet number. The Peclet number is calculated based on a Eulerian length scale, such as the diameter of the spheres in packed beds, or the pore diameter. However, the nature of hydrodynamic dispersion is Lagrangian, and it should take the molecular diffusion effects, as well as the convection effects, into account. This work shifts attention to the Lagrangian time and length scales for the definition of the Peclet number. It is focused on the dependence of the longitudinal hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient on the effective Lagrangian Peclet number by using a Lagrangian length scale and the effective molecular diffusivity. The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was employed to simulate flow in porous media that were constituted by packed spheres, and Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) was used to track the movement of individual dispersing particles. It was found that the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient linearly depends on the effective Lagrangian Peclet number for packed beds with different types of packing. This linear equation describing the dependence of the dispersion coefficient on the effective Lagrangian Peclet number is both simpler and more accurate than the one formed using the effective Eulerian Peclet number. In addition, the slope of the line is a characteristic coefficient for a given medium.
Highlights
Hydrodynamic dispersion through porous media has long been of great importance in many engineering fields
The porous media that were investigated in this study included the face-centered cubic (FCC) packing of spheres and randomly packed spheres (RPS), and we extended to the body-centered cubic (BCC) sphere arrangement for validation purposes
The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) code was verified for laminar flow through different sphere packing types (SC, BCC, and FCC) of fixed-bed columns
Summary
Hydrodynamic dispersion through porous media has long been of great importance in many engineering fields. In the field of petroleum engineering, chemicals such as surfactants are injected into hydrocarbon reservoirs to enhance oil recovery [1]. The theory of hydrodynamic dispersion can assist engineers to estimate how far the chemicals reach, thereby designing appropriate injection points to cover the targeted zone. Dispersion in porous media has helped to predict how pollutants spread in the ground water and contaminate aquifers [2,3,4]. The transport that combines both mechanisms of dispersion is known as hydrodynamic dispersion [3,5,6]. The effectiveness of solute transport is based on the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient, and many researchers have worked to determine this coefficient for various porous
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