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Abstract
Non-edible fats are a common renewable feedstock for the biofuels production to avoid partially the use of edible feeds and fossil fuels. The aim of this work was the use of waste rendering fat to produce pyrolyzed and hydrogenated oils. The feedstock was hydrolyzed producing free fatty acids and glycerol + residues. The free fatty acids were pyrolyzed (with and without metal sulfides metal supported catalyst) or hydrotreated separately. An autoclave closed hermetically in nitrogen (pyrolysis) or hydrogen (hydrotreatment) atmosphere was used. Gaseous products were analyzed by GC‑FID/TCD. Liquid products were analyzed by Simulated Distillation (ASTM D2887) and FT-IR (attenuated total reflectance technique). For the pyrolysis, the main gaseous products were carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, and propane. For the hydrotreatment, the total amount of gases produced was much lower being the main product the carbon dioxide. For liquids, the hydrotreatment of the free fatty acids produced the respective hydrocarbons by decarboxylation reaction and the pyrolysis produced a mixture of compounds with lighter boiling ranges compared to the original free fatty acids. The use of a metal sulfide metal supported catalyst in the pyrolysis led to a higher amount of hydrogen production. but similar boiling range liquid products compared to the non-catalytic test.
Highlights
The petroleum location in unstable territories, the fossil fuel restrictions by law and the greenhouse carbon dioxide production led to a high need in biofuels production
The hydrotreatment of the free fatty acids produced the respective hydrocarbons by decarboxylation reaction and the pyrolysis produced a mixture of compounds with lighter boiling ranges compared to the original free fatty acids
The use of a metal sulfide metal supported catalyst in the pyrolysis led to a higher amount of hydrogen production. but similar boiling range liquid products compared to the non-catalytic test
Summary
The petroleum location in unstable territories, the fossil fuel restrictions by law and the greenhouse carbon dioxide production led to a high need in biofuels production. Rendering fat (RF) is a non-edible waste feedstock which can be produced from the waste of slaughterhouses and carcasses of livestock and it is considered as a cheap material for green diesel production[9]. The aim of this work was to evaluate the free fatty acids (from rendering fat) processing by catalytic and noncatalytic pyrolysis to fuels and chemicals using metal sulfide supported catalyst and compare these results with standard hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process by using the same catalyst. NiW sulfide supported on SiO2-Al2O3 is a commercial catalyst This material was used instead standard NiMo or CoMo (used standardly for HDO reactions) supported catalysts with the added aim of cracking the free fatty acids to shorter molecules producing gases, gasoline and diesel fractions which could be be evaluated for being used for fuels or petrochemistry
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