Abstract
Nonlinear catastrophes caused by geological fluids are a fundamental issue in rock mechanics and the geoengineering hazard field. For the consideration of hydrodynamic force on red-bed mudstone softening damage, X-ray visualization tests on the fissure flow in mudstone block failure under hydrodynamic force was performed in this study based on block scale, and the physical phenomena of fissure seepage and nonlinear diffusion were further explored. A new method for evaluating the hydro-damage degrees of rocks using an X-ray image analysis was proposed, and the quantitative relation of diffusion coefficients of hydro-damage and seepage was established. The research results revealed that the hydrodynamic force promoted the fluid-filled fissure behavior in mudstone specimen failure. Furthermore, the seepage and diffusion phenomena of fluid in rocks during failures were indicated using X-ray imaging. A dual mechanical behavior was presented in the nonlinear seepage and abnormal diffusion of a red mudstone geological body under hydrodynamic conditions. The damaged degree of mudstone was aggravated by the effect of hydrodynamic force, and the initial seepage–diffusion coefficient with respect to lower hydro-damage was larger than the final seepage–diffusion coefficient with respect to higher hydro-damage of rocks with a decreasing nonlinear trend.
Highlights
Geologic disasters introduced by soft rocks of red-bed areas have been frequently reported in Southwest China [1], especially landslide hazards caused by heavy rainfalls [2,3], which are prolific
To determine the hydraulic disaster mechanism red-bed soft rock from the permaterial science, thisscience, study focused on the basic on scientific problems of problems damage and seepage spective of material this study focused the basic scientific of damage characteristics of red-bed mudstone under hydrodynamic conditions andconditions conductedand an and seepage characteristics of red-bed mudstone under hydrodynamic
The phenomenon of an engineering geologic hazard in red-bed soft rock induced by rainfall indicates that the intensified damage of red-bed mudstone under hydrodynamic force is the primary cause of side slope instability
Summary
Geologic disasters introduced by soft rocks of red-bed areas have been frequently reported in Southwest China [1], especially landslide hazards caused by heavy rainfalls [2,3], which are prolific. The lithology of geologic bodies in a red-bed mountainous area is mainly mudstone, shale, and silty mudstone. Heavy rainfall scouring causes the side slope rock mass to create headrace channels. Scouring by heavy rainfall created headrace channels, and resulting hydrodynamic forceforce intensified the instability of theofred induced the resulting hydrodynamic intensified the instability thesoft redrock soft slope rock slope inby the aggravation of hydrodynamic conditions, causing side slope instability of a large duced by the aggravation of hydrodynamic conditions, causing side slope instability of a area ofarea the of highway
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