Hybridization of the LEACH Protocol with Penalized Fuzzy C-Means (PFCM) and Self-Organization Map (SOM) Algorithms for Decreasing Energy in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of many sensor nodes, which are used for capturing the essential data from the environment and sending it to the Base Station (BS). Most of the research has been focused on energy challenges in WSN. There are many notable studies on minimization of energy consumption during the process of sensing the important data from the environment where nodes are deployed. Clustering-based routing protocols are an energy-efficient protocols that improve the lifetime of a wireless sensor network. The objective of the clustering is to decrease the total transmission power by aggregating into a single path for prolonging the network lifetime. However, the problem of unbalanced energy consumption exists in some cluster nodes in the WSNs. In this paper, a hybrid algorithm is proposed for clustering and cluster head (CH) election. The proposed routing protocol hybridized Penalized Fuzzy C-Means (PFCM) and Self Organization Map (SOM) algorithms with LEACH protocol for the optimum numbers of the CHs and the location of them. Simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm outperforms other existing protocols in terms of network life, number of dead sensor nodes, energy consumption of the network and convergence rate of the algorithm in comparison to the LEACH algorithm.