Abstract
Accurate localization is the premise of many technologies and applications, such as navigation, emergency assistance and wireless sensor network. For Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-denied urban or indoor environments, various localization technologies based on mobile communication networks or other wireless technologies have been designed and developed. The main challenge for these localization technologies is the presence of a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation environment due to dense obstacles or buildings. The virtual station method is a promising high-accuracy target localization technique in NLOS environments, and the localization of the scatterer is key to the virtual station method. Once one-bounce scattering signals from the same scatterer are identified, the localization of the scatterer can be achieved easily with the existing localization algorithm of line-of-sight (LOS) scenario, and then the localization of NLOS scenarios is converted into a problem of LOS easily. In this paper, a hybrid time of arrival (TOA)/angle of arrival (AOA) virtual station localization algorithm based on scattering signal identification is proposed. Firstly, one-bounce scattering signals from the same scatterer are identified based on TOA/AOA measurements. Next, scatterers are located based on one-bounce scattering signals with the LOS localization algorithm, and then scatterers are regarded as virtual stations and used for mobile station (MS) localization. Compared with the existing research on the virtual station method, the proposed algorithm relies only on TOA/AOA measurements and does not require any assumption or prior knowledge about the scatterer, base station (BS) or MS, which provides a solid foundation for feasible target localization. Simulation results demonstrate, as far as we know, the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art hybrid TOA/AOA algorithm in localization accuracy.
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