Abstract
Prosthetic medical device-associated infections are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality rates. Novel improved materials and surfaces exhibiting inappropriate conditions for microbial development are urgently required in the medical environment. This study reveals the benefit of using natural Mentha piperita essential oil, combined with a 5 nm core/shell nanosystem-improved surface exhibiting anti-adherence and antibiofilm properties. This strategy reveals a dual role of the nano-oil system; on one hand, inhibiting bacterial adherence and, on the other hand, exhibiting bactericidal effect, the core/shell nanosystem is acting as a controlled releasing machine for the essential oil. Our results demonstrate that this dual nanobiosystem is very efficient also for inhibiting biofilm formation, being a good candidate for the design of novel material surfaces used for prosthetic devices.
Highlights
Staphylococcus aureus was recognized as a major pathogen soon after its discovery in the late nineteenth century
Commonly called peppermint, is a well-known herbal remedy used for a variety of symptoms and diseases, recognized for its carminative, stimulating, antispasmodic, antiseptic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities [4,13,14]. Their use for clinical purposes is limited by the high volatility of the major compounds. Due to their high biocompatibility [15] and superparamagnetic behavior, magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) have attracted attention to their potential applications especially in biomedical fields [16,17], such as magnetic resonance imaging [18,19,20], hyperthermia [21], biomedical separation and purification [22], bone cancer treatment [21], inhibition of biofilm development [23,24], stabilization of volatile organic compounds [25], antitumoral treatment without application of any alternating magnetic field [26], drug delivery or targeting [27,28,29,30,31,32,33], modular microfluidic system for magnetic-responsive controlled drug release, and cell culture [34].This paper reports a new nano-modified prosthetic device surface with antipathogenic properties based on magnetite nanoparticles and M. piperita essential oil
The efficiency of essential oils, polyphenolic extracts obtained from foregoing plants, and their synergic effects as alternative strategies for the treatment of severe infections caused by highly resistant bacteria was tested on the following species: methicillin-resistant S. aureus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing Escherichia coli, and multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa [8]
Summary
Staphylococcus aureus was recognized as a major pathogen soon after its discovery in the late nineteenth century This organism causes a broad range of conditions, ranging from asymptomatic colonization to severe invasive infections which can progress to complicated septicemia, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, or endocarditis [1,2]. S. aureus is a major cause of nosocomial infections and is responsible for significant morbidity, mortality, and an extended hospital stay [3,4]. This Gram-positive bacterium possesses specific surface proteins such as fibronectin-binding proteins, collagen-binding proteins, and fibrinogen-binding proteins, which have been implicated as mediators in specific bacterial binding to the extracellular matrix and subsequent biofilm development [1,5,6,7]. S. aureus is a widespread bacterium, being found on the skin and mucosa of healthy persons; prosthesis-associated infections incriminating this pathogen are frequently
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