Abstract
Friction and wear are the main factors in the failure of the piston in automobile engines. The objective of this work was to improve the tribological behaviour and lubricant properties using hybrid Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) and Copper (II) oxide nanoparticles blended with SAE 40 as a base fluid. The two-step method was used in the hybrid nanofluid preparation. Three different concentrations were prepared in a range of 0.1% to 0.5%. Kinematic viscosity and viscosity index were also identified. The friction and wear behavior were evaluated using a tribometer based on ASTM G181. The CNC-CuO nano lubricant shows a significant improvement in term of viscosity index by 44.3–47.12% while for friction, the coefficient of friction (COF) decreases by 1.5%, respectively, during high and low-speed loads (boundary regime), and 30.95% during a high-speed, and low load (mixed regime). The wear morphologies results also show that a smoother surface was obtained after using CNC-CuO nano lubricant compared to SAE 40.
Highlights
A suitable lubricant is primarily associated with its formulation, which means that the additives that contain in the lubricants play a vital role in enhancing its performance regarding reducing friction and wear
This paper investigated a new process for the development of a lubricant that can give advantages to people because it may lower the energy cost, reduce waste, and have positive impacts on the environment
The Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) used in this research was extracted from the acetate grade dissolving pulp from the Western Hemlock plant to be in white to slightly off-white gel form
Summary
A suitable lubricant is primarily associated with its formulation, which means that the additives that contain in the lubricants play a vital role in enhancing its performance regarding reducing friction and wear. The applications of nanoparticles as a lubricant additive have steadily increased in recent years, as many researchers [3] demonstrated a reduction in the friction and wear of nanoparticle-containing lubricant formulation, which is known as nano lubricant [4]. Researchers have developed a variety of additives to overcome and decrease tribological challenges such as wear, friction, oxidation, corrosion and the scuffing mechanism on the lubricant base stocks and to enhance the lubricant efficiency [4,5,6,7,8]. The main advantages of using nano lubricants are that they are relatively insensitive to temperature, and tribochemical reactions are limited compared to the traditional additives [9]
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