Abstract
Nanoantenna-enhanced fluorescence is a promising method in many emergent applications, such as single molecule detection. The excitation and emission wavelengths of emitters can be well separated depending on the corresponding Stokes shifts, preventing optimal fluorescence enhancement by a rudimentary nanoantenna. We illustrate a hybrid mushroom nanoantenna that can achieve overall enhancements (e.g., excitation rate, quantum yield, fluorescence enhancement) in fluorescence emission. The nanoantenna is made of a plasmonic metal stipe and a dielectric cap, and the resonances can be flexibly and independently controlled to match the Stokes shift of the emitter. By fully leveraging the advantages of the large field enhancement from the metal and the low loss feature from the dielectric, a fluorescence enhancement factor (far field intensity) twice (20 times) as high as that from a pure metallic antenna can be attained, accompanied by improved directivity. Approximately 70% of the overall radiation was direct...
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