Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate the potential of combining electric hybridization with a dual-fuel natural gas-Diesel engine. We show that carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced to 43 gram per kilometer with a subcompact car on the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). The vehicle is operated in charge-sustaining mode, which means that all energy is provided by the fuel. The result is obtained by hardware-in-the-loop experiments where the engine is operated on a test bench while the rest of the powertrain as well as the vehicle are simulated. By static engine measurements we demonstrate that the natural gas-Diesel engine reaches efficiencies of up to 39.5%. The engine is operated lean at low loads with low engine out nitrogen oxide emissions such that no nitrogen oxide aftertreatment is necessary. At medium to high loads the engine is operated stoichiometrically, which enables the use of a cost-efficient three-way catalytic converter. By vehicle emulation of a non-hybrid vehicle on the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP), we demonstrate that transient operation of the natural gas-Diesel engine is also possible, thus enabling a non-hybridized powertrain as well.
Highlights
Road transportation is responsible for 17% of worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide [1]
By static engine measurements we demonstrate that the natural gas-Diesel engine reaches efficiencies as high as 39.5% without any need for lean nitrogen oxide aftertreatment
By hardware-in-the-loop experiments of a non-hybrid vehicle on the the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedures (WLTP), we demonstrate that transient operation of the natural gas-Diesel engine is possible
Summary
Road transportation is responsible for 17% of worldwide emissions of carbon dioxide [1]. Passenger light-duty vehicles account for 60% of that amount. Reducing the carbon dioxide emissions of passenger light-duty vehicles is a major task necessary for achieving the long-term goal of reducing total carbon dioxide emissions. Using natural gas instead of gasoline or Diesel is the most attractive option, since it reduces the carbon dioxide emissions by 20%–25% for the same fuel energy [3]. This reduction is based on the composition of natural gas. Since it mainly consists of methane, it has a higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratio than gasoline or Diesel. For gasoline and Diesel the corresponding value of cCO2 is 73 g CO2 per mega joule of fuel energy, while the same value for methane is 55 g CO2 per mega joule of fuel energy
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