Abstract
An experimental study on the tensile stress-strain curves of interlayer (layer-by-layer) unidirectional hybrid FRP composites was conducted aiming at evaluating the corresponding hybrid effect and pseudo-ductility of this innovative solution. Different combinations of the following dry unidirectional fabric materials, also varying the number of layers, were adopted in tests: high-modulus carbon, standard carbon, E-glass, and basalt. The composites were produced layer-by-layer by hand lay-up method, using an epoxy-based resin as matrix.The results have shown a strain increase at failure of both standard carbon and high-modulus carbon fibres with the volume decrease of these materials in hybrid combinations. It was also concluded that combining high-modulus carbon with E-glass, high-modulus carbon with basalt, or high-modulus carbon with standard carbon can lead to very good pseudo-ductile tensile behaviour. Finally, it should be highlighted that an existing analytical model in the literature was satisfactorily adopted to predict the tensile response of these hybrid composites.
Highlights
Unidirectional (UD) Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) composites are brittle materials, exhibiting a linear elastic behaviour up to failure
It can be concluded that, in all cases, the change from 1 to 3 layers of reinforcing material promotes a reduction of the magnitude of the elastic modulus, tensile strength, and tensile strain at failure
All the composites were made through the hand lamination of four different commercially available dry UD fabrics: HM carbon (CHM), ST carbon (C), E-glass (G) and basalt (B)
Summary
Unidirectional (UD) Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) composites are brittle materials, exhibiting a linear elastic behaviour up to failure. Structures made of these materials, apparently without any problem, may fail abruptly [1] This characteristic does not allow to take full advantage of FRP properties, namely the high tensile strength due to conservative design limits [2]. There is some controversy about the hybrid effect definition because, in traditional uniaxial tensile testing configuration, stress concentration at the grips may cause premature composite failure, leading to an underestimation of the strain at the failure of the baseline LS material [7]. For this reason, these results should be critically interpreted
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