Hungarian-Romanian relations and the activities of the Venice commission in solving the problems of national minorities in Transylvania

Abstract

At the present stage, researchers pay special attention to finding the causes of interstate and interethnic contradictions. Legislative projects of some states can significantly affect the situation of national minorities and become an object of monitoring by international organizations. The purpose of the article is to analyze the stages of the history and current state of Hungarian-Romanian relations, the experience of political and cultural coexistence of two ethnic groups in the Transylvanian region, the reason, features and main directions of the Venice Commission’s activities in solving the problems of national minorities in Transylvania. The following methods are: historical comparative analysis, systematization and generalization, retrospective method. The article shows that the Romanian Transylvania has historically determined features of linguistic and cultural specificity and is one of the regions of Europe in which the activity of the Hungarian national minority attracts the attention of the Venice Commission. The results of the analysis indicate that the Venice Commission plays the role of a legal instrument for resolving contradictions arising from the illegal presentation of laws that discriminate against certain rights, national interests of certain states or ethnic groups. The solution of the Hungarian-Romanian problem after the adoption of the Hungarian Law on Hungarians Living in Neighboring Countries is an illustrative example of the successful and operational activity of the Venice Commission, which, as a result, will be able to minimize the risk of interstate and interethnic tensions in Europe. The analysis presented in the proposed article will make it possible to find out what consequences may have, on the one hand, restrictions at various stages in the history of the rights of national minorities, in particular the use of their languages, on the other hand, options for the further dynamic development of nations and countries in the event of making reasonable compromises.