Human capital mobility in the context of globalisation, technological change and demographic transformations

The development of digital technologies has changed the journalistic profession and the ways of creating content, collecting information and distributing news, in which recordings created by mobile phones are increasingly used. This contributed to the development of citizen journalism, whose role came to the fore in the reporting of the war in Ukraine, during which citizens disseminated video materials via smartphones and social networks, which were then broadcast on television shows, which was not a common practice until now. Therefore, the aim of this work is based on the analysis of the role of mobile phones in reporting on the war in Ukraine with the aim of determining whether there has been a change in the way journalists and television companies work and report. For the purpose of the research, ten RTL Direkt shows before the start of the war in the period from February 10 to February 23, 2022, and ten shows after the start of the war from February 24 to March 14, 2022 were analyzed, and a semi-structured interview with RTL was additionally conducted. -’s reporter and videographer who happened to be in Ukraine at the beginning of the war and shared their experiences of using mobile phones while reporting on the war. The analysis of content found that the use of video material recorded by mobile phones increased in news broadcasts after the start of the war in Ukraine by 4.3 times, which shows that the war in Ukraine influenced the change in television practices.

The key trends and challenges of global migration processes are synthesized with a focus on the implications of a full-scale war in Ukraine. The structure of the European Union's economy and demographic trends in Europe are analyzed from the perspective of Ukraine's European integration and the creation of a common labor market. Based on the results of the study, the authors conclude that in order to regulate migration processes and preserve the competitiveness of the national economy, a long-term, coordinated and evidence-based policy is needed. It should be aimed at facilitation of cross-border movement of human capital, which will help maximize the overall benefits of migration, starting from the development of trade and investment ties to increased productivity, skills transfer and poverty reduction. Given that in the medium term Ukraine, especially in view of its EU accession prospects, is likely to act as a transit hub for migration flows, serving both as a country of origin and a country of destination of migrants, the authors propose state policy measures to manage migration processes and migrant integration. This includes the creation of a system for monitoring migration flows, measures to improve the efficiency of the labor market and the quality of public sector services, improving the business environment, professional training programs, certification of skills, consultative support, mobility of social benefits and development of capital markets. The authors emphasize the expediency of developing a comprehensive migration policy in Ukraine aimed at attracting foreign workers, supporting the reintegration and return of highly skilled migrants, including through programs for the diaspora. The authors analyze the prospects for further cooperation between Ukraine and EU countries in creating a legal framework for legal migration to provide mobility pathways for Ukrainians after the war, including partnerships on skills mobility. In their opinion, the implementation of a comprehensive policy of migration and reintegration of migrants should balance the supply and demand of skilled labor in the industrial sector of Ukraine.

The articleis devoted to the study of the place and functional load of humancapital as a condition for ensuring strategic competitive advantages for both an individual and an organized economic structure.The study of human capital, mobility and migration solves an important strategic task: finding ways to build long-term competitiveness, which will ensure the leading position of an economic player. The study has not only theoretical significance, but also practical benefits, allowing management to take into account the function outlined in the article in the process of making strategic decisions.This determined the relevance of the research and its purpose.The purpose of the scientific workand this paper is to identify the functions of human capital, migration, and mobility from a strategic perspective. The main functions of human capital, mobility and migration are presented.Human capital is a prerequisite for business, regional and national development, as well as for the development of an individual. The main functions of human capital in the context of strategic developmentare to support strategic management, increase the efficiency of the economic system, and creative actions.Human capital mobility, in a broad sense, refers to the movement of people with different skills and knowledge, and it significantly affects both the regional and corporate landscape. From a regional perspective, it plays a crucial role in economic development and the balance of the workforce. In the context of corporate governance, it can reduce costs and influence strategic decisions.Labor mobility, which includes both skilled and unskilled workers, is important for efficient market allocation and regional economic growth. It helps to match supply and demand in the labor market and can lead to increased productivity. Human capital mobility can affect management costs, especially in labor-intensive firms. A diverse and skilled workforce can lead to more innovative and competitive companies. In essence, human capital mobility is a complex phenomenon with far-reaching implications for both regional development and strategic business management. It is a dynamic process influenced by a variety of economic, social, and political factors. The main functions of labor mobility as part of human capital include the adaptability function, the adequacy function, and the development support function. In essence, human capital mobility is a complex phenomenon with far-reaching consequences for both regional development and strategic business management. It is a dynamic process influenced by various economic, social, and political factors.Migration is essentially the physical movement of people, a physical manifestation of mobility. The main consequence of migration is the brain drain or, conversely, the brain inflow. Exept this, the impact of migration on destinationcountries is also quite broad, but the main areas are as follows: economic growth, migrants can fill labor shortages, stimulate innovation and contribute to economic growth in sectors with high demand. Cultural enrichment: migration can lead to a more diverse and dynamic society, promoting cultural exchange and mutual understanding. And social and economic integration. As for the functionality, the basic functions of migration are the function of meeting the need for labor resources, the function of developing potential, and the regulatory function.Keywords:human development, human capital, strategic development, mobility, migration, competitive advantages.

The events of February 2022, related to the military aggression of the Russian Federation and a full-scale attack on Ukraine, became the greatest catastrophe of the XXI century and the most brutal war on European soil since the World War II, and is gradually being defined as the World War III in terms of its impact on global political and economic relations and the use of military weaponry. Although no final assessment can be made (the war is ongoing), the undeniable consequence of Russia's aggression has been the disruption of the world order built after World War II and the risk of global chaos. One of the most powerful consequences of the war was an unprecedented wave of Ukrainian migration, the lion's share of which took place in Europe. While European countries, faced with an unprecedented influx of refugees, are withstanding the socio-economic burden with dignity, Ukraine is in fact in a demographic catastrophe. The wave of forced migration coincided with long-term demographic problems: a decline in the birth rate, an increase in the number of middle-aged people, and the outflow of population during the war. All these processes will have a steady impact on global migration and political processes. New instruments of state and global regulation of these processes will be required. They will also require the formation of a new paradigm of global economic development. The purpose of the study is to deepen the research on identifying and assessing the preconditions and consequences of migration processes in the world under the influence of military operations in Ukraine. The paper examines the impact of migration processes on globalisation and economic processes in Europe and the world; the dynamics of the share of labour migrants in the total labour force by income level of destination countries in 2013, 2017, 2020; the peculiarities of the migration wave of Ukrainians evacuated due to the military aggression of the Russian Federation in 2022. generalised statistical information on the migration processes of Ukrainians in the period 01.02.2023-21.06.2023; detailed statistical data on the number of Ukrainian citizens abroad (as of 01.02.2023) by migrant countries; political and socio-cultural context of the formation of a new paradigm of migration processes. The full implications for Ukrainian migration will be summarised after the war is over, but the following interim conclusions are relevant today. Results. The analysis of migration processes in the world and Europe in the current context suggests that migration is actively taking place and contributes to the development of international integration, as it reduces the number of barriers and increases opportunities. The war in Ukraine will have a significant impact on the economy in terms of the following effects: disruption of global supply chains, increased inflationary pressures, higher energy and raw material prices; food prices will also rise as supplies of wheat and grain from Russia and Ukraine are disrupted; higher energy and commodity prices will cause further inflation, deterioration of economic prospects, reduced confidence and increased financial market risk associated with greater geopolitical tensions; worsening food security in some developing countries in the Middle East and Africa. On the other hand, migration is currently seen as a tool for long-term growth in the EU. The analysis shows that migration provides significant economic benefits, primarily to host countries. Currently, the EU is facing a growing shortage of skilled labour due to unfavourable demographic trends in Europe. Given the massive emigration of Ukrainian citizens to the EU, migrants are solving the problem of staff shortages. Considering that the emigration of Ukrainians provides for adequate social protection and legal support, which guarantees the right to settlement, work and education. The right to employment is readily exercised by Ukrainian migrants, as they are largely people of working age, primarily women. Conclusion. In general, it can be argued that the prospects for regional migration are currently linked to many factors and very uncertain prospects for a return to the pre-2022 or pre-pandemic EaP models. The war in Ukraine is already turning into a protracted conflict that will threaten both the economic situation of millions of people and the hopes of temporarily displaced Ukrainians to return home for a long time. As a result, displaced Ukrainians, the EU host countries and the Ukrainian government will have to deal with the new circumstances, adapting temporary modalities to longer-term solutions.

The events of February 2022, related to the military aggression of the Russian Federation and a full-scale attack on Ukraine, became the greatest catastrophe of the twenty-first century and the most brutal war on European soil since the Second World War, and is gradually being defined as World War III in terms of its impact on global political and economic relations and the use of military weapons. Although no final assessment has been made (the war is ongoing), the undeniable consequence of Russian aggression has been the violation of the world order built after World War II and the risk of global chaos. One of the most powerful consequences of the war was an unprecedented wave of Ukrainian migration, the lion's share of which was to Europe. And while European countries, faced with an unprecedented influx of refugees, are withstanding the socio-economic burden with dignity, Ukraine has found itself in a demographic catastrophe. The wave of forced migration coincided with long-term demographic problems: a decline in the birth rate, an increase in the number of middle-aged people, and the outflow of population during the war. All these processes will have a steady impact on global migration and political processes. New instruments of state and global regulation of these processes will be required. They will also require the formation of a new paradigm of global economic development. The authors aim to deepen the study of the issue of identifying and assessing the preconditions and consequences of migration processes in the world under the influence of military operations in Ukraine. The paper examines the impact of migration processes on globalisation and economic processes in Europe and the world; the dynamics of the share of labour migrants in the total labour force by income level of destination countries in 2013, 2017, 2020; features of the migration wave of Ukrainians evacuated due to the military aggression of the Russian Federation in 2022; generalised statistical information on the migration processes of Ukrainians during the period of 01.02.2023 – 21.06.2023; detailed statistical data on the number of Ukrainian citizens abroad (as of 01.02.2023), broken down by migrant countries; political and socio-cultural context of the formation of a new paradigm of migration processes. The full implications for Ukrainian migration will be summarised after the war is over, but the following interim conclusions are relevant today. The analysis of migration processes in the world and Europe in the current context suggests that migration is actively taking place and contributes to the development of international integration, as it reduces the number of barriers and increases opportunities. The war in Ukraine will have a significant impact on the economy in terms of the following effects: disruption of global supply chains, increased inflationary pressures, higher energy and raw material prices; food prices will also increase as supplies of wheat and cereals from the Russian Federation and Ukraine are disrupted. and Ukraine have been disrupted; higher energy and commodity prices will cause further inflation, deteriorating economic prospects, reduced confidence and increased financial market risk associated with greater geopolitical tensions; worsening food security in some developing countries in the Middle East and Africa. On the other hand, migration is currently seen as a tool for long-term growth in the EU. The analysis shows that migration provides significant economic benefits, primarily to host countries. Today, the EU is facing a growing shortage of skilled labour due to unfavourable demographic trends in Europe. Given the massive emigration of Ukrainian citizens to the EU, migrants are solving the problem of staff shortages. This is especially true given that Ukrainian emigration provides for adequate social protection and legal support, which guarantees the right to settlement, work and education. The right to employment is readily exercised by Ukrainian migrants, as they are largely people of working age, primarily women. In general, it can be argued that the prospects for regional migration are currently linked to many factors and very uncertain prospects for a return to the pre-2022 or pre-pandemic models of the Eastern Partnership. The war in Ukraine is already escalating into a protracted conflict that will threaten both the economic situation of millions of people and the hopes of temporarily displaced Ukrainians to return home for a long time. As a result, displaced Ukrainians, their host EU countries, and the Ukrainian government will have to deal with the new circumstances, adapting temporary modalities to longer-term solutions.

The aim of the article is to highlight the key modern macroeconomic aspects and trends in the development of bank lending to industrial enterprises in highly developed countries of the world and to identify promising areas for its further development. The methodological basis of the study is the generalization of the results of applied research in the field of economics, scientific papers, statistical data, which highlight certain aspects of the development of the modern globalized economy, in particular its impact on the macroeconomic features of industrial development and bank lending to industrial enterprises. Results. The influence of financialization on the macroeconomic environment and the development of bank lending to industrial enterprises (on the example of the USA, Great Britain, Germany) is investigated. The influence of such unprecedented for the XXI century force majeure factors as the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine on the macroeconomic environment and the development of bank lending to industrial enterprises is considered. The key trends in global economic development that stimulate transformations and structural changes in the macroeconomic environment of highly developed countries are highlighted. The role of bank lending to industrial enterprises in these processes is determined, which consists in lending to industrial innovations, as well as in the development of such promising areas as the "green" and "blue" economy. Practical implications. The practical results can be the basis for further research: on solving the problems of convergence of the financial and real sectors of the financialized economy, in particular with the participation of bank lending to industrial enterprises; on the role and importance of bank lending to industrial enterprises in overcoming the current macroeconomic consequences of the war in Ukraine; on certain aspects of the integration of bank capital into the development of industrial enterprises that are part of the "green", "blue" economy. Value/originality. The results of the study provide a deeper understanding of the role and contribution of bank lending to industrial enterprises in the processes of ensuring positive macroeconomic dynamics and maintaining macroeconomic stability, as well as allow to assess the depth of prospects for the development of bank lending to industrial enterprises.

In the article it is analyzed how the Polish media cover the full-scale war in Ukraine, in particularly different information strategies and approaches. There are considered the main themes, accents and trends, which dominate the Polish mass media, as well as possible influence of media coverage on the public opinion in Poland. The main aim of the study was to provide an analysis of how Polish media highlighted and continue to cover full-scale war in Ukraine. The research tasks firstly lied in the research and review of source base, in particular processing scientific works Ukrainian and foreign researchers on the topic of coverage the war in Ukraine by Polish media. Secondly, it was important to highlight the most popular Polish media and to provide review of content of their materials that concerned on Ukraine. Finally, it was provided a comparative genre- thematic analysis of coverage of publications about Ukraine in Polish media, with separation key narratives and trends. Analysis covers both traditional and online media formats, while evaluating their role in formation of public opinion as well as political moods. New genre formats were considered, in particular those which appeared in the Polish media after full-scale invasion of Russia to Ukraine. Also thematic accents in Polish media are highlighted. In the article there are emphasized those media approaches which can influence on polish perception of war in Ukraine. Moreover, it is examined what social and political consequences it may have. The separate attention is assigned to the impact of the media coverage on the informational, political, economic and diplomatic relations between Poland and Ukraine. The conclusion presents reflections on the possible scenarios of development media coverage of war in Ukraine in the future and it`s potential influence on Polish society and international politics.

<p><strong><em>The purpose</em></strong><em> of the work is to investigate how the economic model of online media functioning affects the formation of content, its quality, subject matter and presentation of information. The goal set included the following tasks: to analyze the main economic models of online media (advertising, subscription, mixed, crowdfunding, etc.), to determine the mechanisms of the influence of financing on editorial policy and content of materials, to investigate how different business models affect media independence and the level of manipulation in content.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology.</em></strong><em> The article uses a comprehensive approach to analyzing the dependence of online media content on their economic model, which includes both theoretical and empirical research methods. Theoretical methods cover the analysis and generalization of scientific sources, which allows systematizing approaches to the classification of economic models of online media and their influence on editorial policy. The comparative analysis method was used to compare the features of financing and content strategies of Ukrainian and international online publications. Among the empirical methods, content analysis was used to assess the thematic focus, frequency of updates, and quality of materials from different publications.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong><em> Modern media business models are crucial for the effective organization of online media activities and adaptation to new realities caused by globalization and technological changes. Changes in the media market are reflected in how media find new ways to monetize content, ensure financial stability, and develop. In the context of globalization, the development of digital technologies, and changes in audience behavior, media must adapt their strategies to remain competitive.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty and practical significance.</em></strong><em> It was studied that since free materials are often generic and lack uniqueness, media should focus on creating content that will differ from the general flow of news. This may include deeper analytical articles, investigations, expert opinions, and other forms of unique content for which people will be willing to pay. However, this requires significant investment in journalistic work, which in turn is associated with the need for stable funding.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> online media, content, influence, economic strategy, audience.</em></p>

:Higher education in China plays an important role in promoting labor and human capital mobility. In this paper, I empirically address the issue of regional disparities, college admissions under the National College Entrance Examination (CEE) system, and potential interregional labor and human capital mobility in China. The results show that examinees from western provinces have a strong preference for coastal universities, compared with examinees from central provinces. College admissions in China then seem to have a stronger effect on potential labor and human capital movement from the western to the coastal regions than from the central to the coastal regions.

The impact of the war in Ukraine and migration has affected the e-commerce markets of the recipient countries, presenting both opportunities, in the form of an increased consumer base, and challenges, such as the lack of a clear development vision. This paper aims to investigate the influence of migration processes on the development of e-commerce in Poland and examine the feasibility of using forecasting methods by e-commerce companies under these conditions for future activity planning. To fulfill the research objective, the following tasks were addressed: investigating the current state of e-commerce development influenced by migration processes; exploring modern migration processes and their impact on global economies; assessing the impact of migration from Ukraine on the Polish market; and analyzing a Polish online store to develop a model for forecasting data and planning activities under the influence of migration processes. To achieve this goal, three models were constructed: a multiple regression model to assess the level of migration processes’ influence on e-commerce; a neural network to forecast sales for a Polish e-commerce store; and cluster analysis to identify clusters of goods most affected by migration processes. The study analyzed the nuances of modern migration processes and assessed the reverse effect of migration as a driver of e-commerce development. Migration stimulates e-commerce by altering consumer behavior and logistics routes, increasing exports and imports, and fostering the spread of digital entrepreneurship. Using data from a Polish online store, the study modeled the impact of market changes on the company’s operations and identified the most significant factors. Thus, the analysis explored the impact of migration on e-business in Poland through constructed models. Regression analysis revealed that migration processes have contributed to the development of the Polish online store’s sales, thanks to the increase in migrant consumers and rising price levels. A neural network was developed with machine learning, incorporating macroeconomic and demographic factors into its forecasting typology. Cluster analysis was employed to examine the online store’s assortment, identifying clusters by sales volume and migrants’ influence. The analysis determined that, following the onset of the migration movement, categories experiencing a surge in demand from refugees, such as baby food products, appliances, telephones, furniture, and communication devices, saw the most significant growth.

11 - Higher education and human capital mobility

This literature review is devoted to the analysis of the existing empirical studies in areas related to Macro Talent Management and its research directions. The study presents a systematic literature review of 150 empirical papers in peer-reviewed journals for the period from 2011 to 2021. Macro Talent Management is a complex phenomenon that combines different interrelated processes at country and organization levels. Socio-economic and cultural macro factors have a significant impact on human capital mobility, which can be represented as talent attraction and retention processes and, therefore, as a component of Macro Talent Management. At the same time, human capital mobility itself influences the indicators of countries and regions’ development at macro level. At country level, talent development requires joint actions of state institutions and organizations, while Macro Talent Management system can affect the countries’ economic indicators. However, it can be concluded that the literature lacks a sufficiently detailed consideration of the implementation of Macro Talent Management system; the impact of characteristics of political regimes and cultural characteristics on formation of Macro Talent Management in different countries is not fully described, as well as the influence of Macro Talent Management on innovative development at macro level is studied generally. This review allows researchers to clarify issues related to the subject of Macro Talent Management and the existing gaps in the literature. As a result of the analysis, we identified several areas for further research. First, it is important to study the mechanisms of inter-level interaction in talent management both in terms of human capital mobility and talent development within a country. It is also necessary to study in detail the influence of political and cultural characteristics in countries as conditions for the implementation of these activities by agents. Finally, the impact of talent management on innovation development at macro level has been studied rather generally, without considering the impact of specific processes on innovation activity of particular countries.

Cultural differences and innovativeness are multi-faceted social phenomenon with innumerable manifestations. Majority of studies have indicated the positive impact of culture. There are some research findings which concluded that culture has a negative impact mainly due to language barriers of diverse cultural workforce which led to low level of communication, in turn led to low level of innovation. Hence the impact of culture on innovation and economic development is debated. Innovation takes place as an art of exercises routed into cultural view points and attitudes. With European Union struggling economies and financial crises, social integration and human capital mobility are key solutions to create innovation and innovative solutions. This study is, therefore aimed at examining the impacts of workplace cultural differences (in a form of human capital mobility) on innovation and economic growth in Europe. Accordingly, Germany, France, Belgium, and Luxembourg were purposively selected based on the higher number of diversified workforce available in companies located in these countries, in order words human capital mobility. Hence, data was collected using a questionnaire random sample of 392 employees (98 from each country) were selected. Consequently, though small portion of the respondents mentioned the negative impact of cultural diversity, the majority of the respondents and the results of the in-depth interview implied that cultural diversity brings people together and enables them to be creative and enhance their innovative performance. Mobility of skilled human capital is an attribute of culturally diverse workforce in a certain company which enable them to share knowledge and skills which in turn improve their innovative capacity. Therefore, this study concluded that cultural diversity has a significant positive impact on innovation and hence on the economic growth. But the barriers that may be seen at workplace due to cultural differences should be properly managed and prior training sessions to newly employed personnel and a platform where all the employees can get an opportunity to introduce themselves and ease their communication should be arranged.

The sustainable development of the Russian economy is inextricably linked with the digital economy. The main objective of the “Program for the Development of the Digital Economy in the Russian Federation until 2035” is to form a system of support and incentive measures that provides motivation for financial and economic entities to digital innovations and research in the field of digital technologies. As practice shows, the need for the introduction and development of digital technologies in the forest industry remains very relevant. Since effective forestry is impossible without high-quality, accessible and complete information about forest resources.
 The purpose of the work: to consider the features of the development of digitalization in the forest complex in the context of the impact on the economic security of Russia. Identify key digital trends that will contribute to the development of the timber industry.
 Research methods: the methodological basis was made up of systematic, generalized, analytical and comparative approaches, as well as a set of methods of economic and statistical analysis.
 Results: the development and widespread use of digital technologies in forest management will be able to increase the accuracy and completeness of information about forests, as well as make it more accessible. The introduction of digitalization in forestry will reduce the number of errors that lead to inefficiency in the use of forest resources.
 Scope of application of the results: it is advisable to apply the results obtained in the development of national programs for the development of a new generation of economy, including the development and implementation of innovative technologies in the timber industry.

Introduction. The study of the population's mental health outlines a systematic analysis of the study's results on the determinants of its impact and the identification of potential determinants for building effective mechanisms to reduce their adverse effects. In Ukraine, the state of mental health of the population is affected by such global factors as full-scale military operations. Aim. To study the role of public (social) determinants in influencing the state of mental health of the population during the war in Ukraine. Materials and methods. The study was based on a survey of healthcare professionals to assess the level of influence of social determinants on the state of mental health of the population. The research methods employed included bibliosemantic and sociological surveys, and two statistical analysis methods were a description of the study and an analysis of the facts obtained. Results. It has been established that the critical social determinant of the impact on the state of mental health in Ukraine is the war with Russia. Based on this, the authors identified specific determinants that are closely related to this fact, namely the impact of the political situation, the effectiveness of public administration, the level of democracy, social conflicts, the organization of social protection, inflationary processes, corruption, migration processes, crime, and the organization and accessibility of the healthcare system. The assessment results showed that, according to healthcare professionals, the state of mental health is most affected by such factors as corruption (3.71±0.07 points out of 5 maximum), inflationary processes (3.58±0.07), and political situation (3.54±0.07). Respondents with less than ten years of work experience scored highest for all these factors. Social determinants: "Social conflicts in the environment," "Organization of social protection of the population," "Crime," and "Migration processes" were significantly more often mentioned by healthcare workers with up to 20 years of work experience than with more than 20 years of experience. Heads of healthcare facilities primarily pointed to the influence of such social factors as "Corruption" (3.81±0.14), "State of organization and accessibility in healthcare system" (3.74±0.13), "Political situation" and "Efficiency of public administration" (3.54±0.14 and 3.54±0.15, respectively). Conclusions. The critical social determinants that affect the population's mental health are corruption in the state, inflationary processes, and the political situation. The correlation between the length of service and the position held regarding the level of assessment of the impact of social factors is revealed.