Abstract
In recent years, immuno-oncology (I-O) therapies have emerged as effective treatment options for cancer. Their efficacy has been compared to chemotherapy and other treatments in Health Technology Assessment submissions, using indirect treatment comparisons (ITCs) when head-to-head trials were not available. We evaluated the appraisal of I-O ITCs by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the UK and summarised the different approaches and main critiques to their implementation.
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