HRMS-based profiling of metabolites, metal ions content and in-vitro cholinesterase inhibitory activities of Sonchus wightianus DC plant parts

Determination of metal ions in Paris polyphylla var. Yunnanensis by ICP-OES and its influence on hemostasis

The effect of metal ions in dyebath on the color of wool fabrics dyed with six kinds of common wool dyes was investigated. The dyes chosen were acid mordant dyes, Palatin dyes, Acidol dyes, Polar dyes, Lanasol dyes, and Lanaset dyes. The dyes were divided into 23, and fabrics were treated separately with these dyes according to the corresponding dyeing process. The metal ion of Cr6+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, and Al3+was added separately into the dyebath, the content of which was 3 mg/L, 30 mg/L, and 300 mg/L. The differences in color between the fabrics dyed using the metal-contain-process and the metal-free-process were compared. The color difference is positively correlated with the metal ion content. When the metal ion content was 3 mg/L, the color difference values (ΔE) of most dyed fabrics were less than 1.7±0.3 of CIELAB. Moreover, color fastness was greater than 4, which means that the effect of the metal ions to color difference is acceptable. When the metal ion content was 300 mg/L, the ΔE values of most dyes were greater than 13.6±1.0 of CIELAB, which means that the metal ions have obvious effects on color difference. When the metal ion content was 30 mg/L, the ΔE values ranged from 1.7±0.313.6±1.0 of CIELAB. Based on the recommendation of theGB250-1995 Gray Scale for Assessing Change in Color(equivalent to the ISO 105/A02-1993 Textile-tests for Color Fastness-grey Scale for Assessing Change in Color), the ΔE value 1.7±0.3 of CIELAB and Grade 4 color fastness were used as the threshold to assess the results. When the metal ion content was 3 mg/L, Cu2+and Fe3+had low influence on the Palatin dyes, in which the color difference and the color fastness were less than the threshold. Meanwhile, Cu2+and Fe3+had excessive effects on the other kinds of dyes, with the ΔE values beyond the threshold. However, Cr3+had excessive influence on the Palatin dyes, with the color difference and the color fastness exceeding the threshold. In contrast, Cr3+had a smaller effect on the other kinds of dyes, with the ΔE values conforming to the threshold. Al3+had a significant effect on the acid mordant dyes, with the ΔE values beyond the threshold. In contrast, Al3+had a smaller effect on the other kinds of dyes, which were within the threshold. Cr6+had no significant effect on the kinds of dyes, in which the ΔE values did not exceed the threshold. When the metal ion content was 30 mg/L or 300 mg/L, we obtained mixed results. The color difference and color fastness values of kinds of dyes in the present study met the threshold, whereas some kinds of dyes were not within the threshold. The result has practical utility for setting the standards for water recycling in the wool dyeing industry.

The content of metal ions in fruits is inseparable from plant intake of trace elements and health effects in the human body. To understand metal ion content in the fruit and pericarp of melon (Cucumis melo L.) and the candidate genes responsible for controlling this process, we analyzed the metal ion content in distinct parts of melon fruit and pericarp and performed RNA-seq. The results showed that the content of metal ions in melon fruit tissue was significantly higher than that in the pericarp. Based on transcriptome expression profiling, we found that the fruit and pericarp contained elevated levels of DEGs. GO functional annotations included cell surface receptor signaling, signal transduction, organic substance metabolism, carbohydrate derivative binding, and hormone-mediated signaling pathways. KEGG pathways included pectate lyase, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, H+-transporting ATPase, oxidative phosphorylation, plant hormone signal transduction, and MAPK signaling pathways. We also analyzed the expression patterns of genes and transcription factors involved in hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), a co-expression network was constructed to identify a specific module that was significantly correlated with the content of metal ions in melon, after which the gene expression in the module was measured. Connectivity and qRT–PCR identified five candidate melon genes, LOC103501427, LOC103501539, LOC103503694, LOC103504124, and LOC107990281, associated with metal ion content. This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the molecular mechanism of heavy metal ion content in melon fruit and peel and provides new genetic resources for the study of heavy metal ion content in plant tissues.

Aim. To study the structure of bacteria exometabolites of the Bacillus velezensis BZR336g strain using the GC×GC‐MS method when cultivated on nutrient media differing in the content of microelements.Material and Methods. The object of the study is the B. velezensis BZR336g bacterium strain. It shows promise for the development of a biopreparation on its basis for protecting plants against phytopathogenic fungi. Exometabolites were isolated from the liquid culture and their metabolomic profile was analysed with the GC×GC‐MS method using a LECO Pegasus BT‐4D device.Results. Among the identified compounds one can see the precursors of biologically active metabolites of bacteria of the strain B. velezensis BZR336g. Analysis of the total accumulation of fatty acids and their analogs, as well as of amino acids and peptides, by B. velezensis BZR336g bacteria on nutrient media differing in the content of metal ions, shows that Co2+ ions in combination with Mn2+ and Zn2+ ions play an important role in inducing their synthesis. The presence of the Co2+ ion in the nutrient medium has the greatest influence on the synthesis of peptide components. If it is removed from the nutrient medium, the amount of amino acids and peptides decreases by almost two times. Benzene compounds can act as precursors of aromatic hydrocarbons, which are also of interest in the analysis of bacterial metabolism, since they have antimicrobial activity.Conclusions. The number of compounds that are precursors of lipopeptide metabolites depends on the content of metal ions in the nutrient medium. This fact may vary depending on the combination in which the metals are present.

The first reaction of plants to the presence of the petroleum hydrocarbons in their medium (growth environment) and after the penetration of the contaminants into their tissues is the induction of internal defense mechanisms like enhancing antioxidant enzymes activity, which varies among plant species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant enzymes activity and metal ions contents (iron, manganese, and zinc) in broad beans without bacteria and compare the findings with corn at different levels of soil contamination with gasoline (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4%). The main results demonstrated that the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and malondialdehyde concentration and the metal ions contents were significantly different between corn and beans. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, concentrations of malondialdehyde and magnesium, and fresh root weight and root length in corn were more significant than the beans. Conversely, peroxidase activity and concentrations of iron and zinc ions in the beans increased. Ultimately, in the absence of bacteria, the corn plant showed superior growth compared to the broad beans under gasoline contamination.

Metal ions bound to phospholipids after isolation by silicic acid column chromatography

At the Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics we have investigated the isolation of chitin from a variety of raw materials—of Aral Sea crustaceans, the basidial fungus Pleurotus ostreatus, and waste from production of natural silk from the chrysalis of the silkworm Bombyx mori. The silk worm chrysalis, waste material from silk production, is a very valuable and readily available source of chitin, although new technology must be developed to enable use of the waste. Other raw materials suitable for isolation of chitin are also being investigated. Other subjects of interest are modification of chitin, preparation of chitosan from it, and interaction of these materials with transition metals ions, because water-soluble polymer–metal complexes of known metal-ion content have medical and agricultural applications. Formation of complexes between chitosan and transition metal ions (Co, Ni, Cu, Mn) has been investigated. Differences between the spectra of chitosan and its metal complexes are all in the region of the stretching and deformation vibrations of the amide bonds (amide-I, amide-II, and amide-III). This is because the synthesis of chitosan–metal complexes was conducted in acid media, in which the chitosan amino group is protonated, so the preferred interaction takes place with the amide bond of chitosan. Noticeable changes of amide-I and amide-II intensities are observed, depending on the metal ion content; this changes can be used for estimation of the metal content in the samples. It has been shown that in the samples synthesized the metal ions are distributed fairly uniformly along the polymer chains. The composition and structures of the complexes formed, the conditions needed to include the different functional groups of the polymer in the coordination process, and the dynamics of macromolecular tangling behavior in the process of metal-ion binding were determined. This enables prediction of the behavior of chitosan–metal-ion systems under conditions of use.

South Asian nations are facing the challenge of increasing nitrogen pollution with the Indo-Gangetic Plain having some of the highest levels of atmospheric ammonia pollution globally. However, there is a lack of in-country research to evaluate the possible impact of nitrogen-related pollutants on South Asian biodiversity. In the Himalayas, there is an opportunity to utilize lichens from natural habitats to establish field-based references for better future tracking of changes in ecosystem health relevant to the wider South Asian region. In this study, we assessed the natural chemical variability of two lichens (Usnea spp. and Hypotrachyna spp.) based on thallus nitrogen and metal ion contents along with their physico-chemical and oxidative responses in two 1-km long transects from two forests of Nepal representing local gradients. Our results revealed a moderate concentration of total Kjeldalh nitrogen (0.36-0.98 % DM in Chandragiri, KTM and 0.57-2.04 % DM in Ghorepani, ACA), as well as ammonium (40.42-159.84 mg/L in Chandragiri, KTM and 80.60-280.64 mg/L in Ghorepani, ACA) and considerable amount of metal ions in both lichens, though with the highest values for lichens collected from the Ghorepani, ACA (from Western Nepal). A noteworthy background concentration of atmospheric ammonia was also observed at both sites. The highest variation in physico-chemical responses, such as electrical conductivity, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll degradation, chlorophyll fluorescence, and phenolic content was observed in the lichens from the same area, consistent with the higher levels of air pollution. Moreover, there appeared to be associated impacts on oxidative responses such as radical scavenging and catalase activities. Furthermore, the metal ions in the lichen thalli were found to originate from both anthropogenic and natural sources in Chandragiri, KTM and few of the metal ions were deposited from long-range transport mechanisms in Ghorepani, ACA, which signifies the diverse sources of pollution in the study areas. The sampling line-wise variation in thallus chemistry signifies the local pollution gradient in both sites. Further, environmental covariables (slope, elevation, crown settings, wind pattern) were observed to affect the lichen abundance and accumulation of nitrogen and metal ions. In comparison, Hypotrachyna spp. showed greater potential to accumulate pollutants and variability in physico-chemical and oxidative responses. From this study, we conclude that a range of physico-chemical and biochemical responses of the target lichens can be used as proxies for the bioindication of nitrogen and metal ion pollution to assess lichen’s health and ecological functioning. Wider studies covering large spatial extent and cellular mechanisms of lichen response are now recommended to fully understand the functional biology explaining contrasting responses between lichen species in different geographic settings of Nepal and South Asia. Keywords: Lichens; Bioindicators; Pollution; Ecosystem; Reference

Poly(1,2‐diaminobenzene) (1,2‐DAB) and poly(1,3‐diaminobenzene) (1,3‐DAB) have been synthesized by using ammonium persulfate as oxidizing agent in the presence and in the absence of the following metal ion salts: CuCl2, NiCl2, and CoCl2 with different HCl concentrations. The products showed a different content of the metal ion depending on the HCl concentration. The polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and electrical conductivity. The polymerization yield depended on the presence of metal ions that can react as oxidizing reagents and/or catalysts. The polymerization mechanism depended on the position of the substituent. For poly(1,2‐DAB) a ladder‐type structure was obtained, and for poly(1,3‐DAB) one similar to that of polyaniline. The thermal stability increased as the metal ion content in the polymer matrix increased. The electrical conductivity of the polymer did not depend on the metal ion content in the polymer. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2564–2572, 2002

Application of in Vivo Fluorescence Imaging and Metal Ion Detection for Investigation of Bis(ethylmaltolato) Oxidovanadium (IV) on Alzheimer's Disease

Efficient removal of alkali and alkaline earth metals from biodiesel using Ion-exchange resin: Performance and mechanism

The impact of metal-ion contamination (present on wafer surface before oxidation) on gate oxide integrity (GOI) is well known in literature, which is not the case for clean silica particles [1, 2]. However, it is known that particles present in ultra-pure water (UPW) decrease the random yield in semiconductor manufacturing [3]. The presence of silica in UPW is common knowledge. UPW has also a certain content of metal ions, which can be attached to silica. That means, when a wafer is in contact with UPW metal ion can directly and/or in form of a silica-metal conglomerate be attached to the wafer surface. That means, it is not known in which form metal-ion contamination will deteriorate GOI the most. In order to receive more clarity in this field a short-loop study was set up, where we want distinguish between the impacts of - low metal ion contamination (Calcium), - clean silica particles (330nm) contamination, - silica particles with metal-ion core (330nm) contamination, and - metal-ion contamination at similar concentration as the metal-ion core of the particles on GOI (uniform and none uniform distribution).

Metal concentrations in the blood and tissues after implantation of titanium growth guidance sliding instrumentation

Silks are widely used biomaterials, but there are still weaknesses in their mechanical properties. Here we report a method for improving the silk fiber mechanical properties by genetic disruption of the ionic environment for silk fiber formation. An anterior silk gland (ASG) specific promoter was identified and used for overexpressing ion-transporting protein in the ASG of silkworm. After isolation of the transgenic silkworms, we found that the metal ion content, conformation and mechanical properties of transgenic silk fibers changed accordingly. Notably, overexpressing endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase in ASG decreased the calcium content of silks. As a consequence, silk fibers had more α-helix and β-sheet conformations, and their tenacity and extension increased significantly. These findings represent the in vivo demonstration of a correlation between metal ion content in the spinning duct and the mechanical properties of silk fibers, thus providing a novel method for modifying silk fiber properties.

Impact of the degree of octenyl succinylation on metal ions complexation and functional properties of maize starch.