How to Strengthen Trust in Digital Transformation of the Court Systems? Experience from China

PurposeThis paper seeks to add to the research on the role of cognitive and affective trust in promoting knowledge sharing between executives and consequently establishing an organizational learning environment.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines the influence of one conceptualization of trust, one that has two sub‐constructs – affective (emotional) trust and cognitive (rational) trust – on knowledge sharing among 157 marketing and sales executives.FindingsThe results indicate that affective trust is more important than cognitive trust in sharing interpersonal knowledge, but cognitive trust is more important in creating an organizational learning environment.Research limitations/implicationsThe scope of this study was limited to the marketing and sales functions in business to consumer companies. Knowledge sharing is an acute issue in this industry and the results may not be completely applicable to less competitive industries or business functions. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further in other industries and business functions.Practical implicationsThe results indicate that organizations should focus on organizational processes which promote both affective and cognitive trust. Such processes include job rotation to improve cognitive understanding and employee screening for affective trust traits.Originality/valueTo date, much of the planned organizational learning efforts have been focused on outside interventions (i.e. training seminars, meetings, etc.) that have value but are limited in their ability to generate sustained levels of trust. To increase knowledge sharing and consequent organizational learning benefits, results of this study indicate that organizations should encourage cognitive and affective trust building endeavours.

In today’s knowledge-based and competitive economy, research and development (R&D) efforts are increasingly geographically distributed across multiple institutions. This chapter explores the management of cognitive and affective trust and distrust within a new type of geographically distributed and multi-institutional R&D organization, called the conceptual organization. Both cognitive and affective trust are important to the conceptual organization because it relies on collaboration among individual members to achieve its goals, and collaboration is not possible without cognitive or affective trust. Data from a two-year case study of a conceptual organization illuminates how the organization’s structure, use of power and information and communications technology (ICT) shape and are shaped by cognitive and affective trust. Tightly-coupled collaboration appears to only emerge in situations where high cognitive and affective trust simultaneously exist, and no collaboration will emerge in situations with high cognitive and affective distrust exist. In comparison, limited collaboration emerges when affective trust and cognitive distrust exist concurrently, and competitive collaboration appears to emerge when cognitive trust and affective distrust exist concurrently. Different mechanisms to manage the collaboration emerged in these situations. These results help inform our understanding of cognitive and affective trust and distrust, and their management in R&D.

Introduction

본 연구의 목적은 탐색속성의 의류서비스, 경험속성의 미용서비스, 신뢰속성의 치과서비스 등을 대상으로 서비스제공자의 서비스제공과 관련된 서비스역량, 반응성, 신뢰성 특성이 소비자의 인지적 신뢰에 미치는 영향과 서비스제공자의 개별고객화 특성이 소비자의 감정적 신뢰에 미치는 영향을 확인하고 설명하는 것입니다. 또한 인지적신뢰가 감정적신뢰 및 고객충성도에 미치는 영향과 감정적신뢰가 고객충성도에 미치는 영향을 확인하고 설명하는 것이다. 본 연구에서 설문은 의류서비스, 미용서비스, 치과서비스의 이용 경험이 있는 소비자를 대상으로 표본을 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 AMOS 18과 SPSS win 19.0 통계패키지를 이용하여 제기된 연구가설을 검증하였다. 분석결과로는 첫째, 의류서비스에서 서비스제공자의 반응성 특성은 소비자의 인지적신뢰에 영향을 주었고, 이는 다시 감정적신뢰에 영향을 주었다. 그러나 고객충성도에는 영향이 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 미용서비스에서 서비스제공자의 서비스역량 특성과 신뢰성 특성은 소비자의 인지적신뢰에 영향을 주었고, 개별고객화 특성은 소비자의 감정적신뢰에 영향을 주었으며, 인지적신뢰 및 감정적신뢰 모두 고객충성도에 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 치과서비스에서 서비스제공자의 신뢰성 특성은 소비자의 인지적신뢰에 영향을 준 반면, 개별고객화 특성은 소비자의 감정적신뢰에 영향을 주었다. 그러나 소비자의 인지적신뢰는 고객충성도에 영향을 준 반면, 감정적신뢰는 고객충성도에 영향이 없는 것으로 확인되었다. The purpose of this paper is to explain and identify how services offer-related characteristics of services providers such as service competence, reliability, and responsiveness have an effect on cognitive trust and customization characteristics of services providers has influences on affective trust. And it is to explain and identify how cognitive trust has an effects on affective trust and loyalty, and how affective trust has influence on loyalty in services setting such as apparel services of search attribute, hair services of experience attribute, and dental services of credence attribute. A survey study was conducted to collect the data with consumers who have experience purchase or search on services in apparel services, hair services, and dental services. Analysis of structural equation modeling with AMOS 18 and SPSS win 19.0 was performed to test the research hypothesis. The results of the study are as follows: First, responsiveness characteristics of service providers has an effect on cognitive trust, which in turn influences on affective trust. But there was on effect on customer loyalty by cognitive trust and affective trust in apparel service setting. Second, service competence characteristics and reliability characteristics of service providers have effect on cognitive trust, and customization characteristics of service providers has influences on affective trust, and then both of them, in turn, was effect on customer loyalty in hair service setting. Third, reliability characteristics of service providers has effects on cognitive trust and customization characteristics of service providers has influences on affective trust, and then cognitive trust has effects on customer loyalty, but there was no effects on affective trust by customer loyalty.

This research analyses innovative management practices in the legal field, addressing growing challenges from normative complexity and digital transformation. It proposes solutions to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and transparency in legal decision-making by integrating advanced technologies and professional training, ultimately benefiting the judicial system and strengthening public trust in justice and the rule of law. This study employed a qualitative approach through a systematic literature review using the PRISMA protocol. Searches were conducted in Scopus, JSTOR, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria guided article selection. Thematic analysis identified patterns in innovative management practices applicable to legal decision-making between 2019 and 2024. The study identified 22 relevant articles from 150 initial records, revealing a growing trend in research on innovative management in legal decision-making, particularly during 2020 and 2023. Three main innovation areas emerged: the integration of advanced technologies (like AI and predictive modelling), improved judicial efficiency and transparency, and the reduction of cognitive biases through evidence-based practices. AI applications, such as decision trees and risk analysis tools, enhance case prediction and reasoning. Evidence-based strategies and cognitive bias training improve fairness and reliability in decisions. The discussion highlights a transformative shift in legal practice, integrating technologies like blockchain, big data, and interdisciplinary models to improve accuracy and accessibility. Innovations in collaborative platforms, procedural simplification, and open policies strengthen legal decision-making processes. Despite resistance to empirical approaches, these practices establish new standards of transparency and effectiveness. The evolution of legal decision-making is redefining the field, with sustainability dependent on preserving justice while embracing technological and methodological advances. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that adopting innovative management practices in legal decision-making is essential for modernising the justice system. It mentions that integrating technologies such as artificial intelligence and predictive modelling enhances both efficiency and accuracy, while also helping to reduce cognitive biases, strengthen transparency, and increase public trust in judicial institutions. Furthermore, it highlights that digital transformation should be viewed as an urgent necessity rather than a temporary trend, as it enables the development of a more accessible, agile, and equitable legal system.

Predictors of confidence and trust in government and institutions during the COVID-19 response in Australia

This systematic meta-narrative literature review aims to explore the narratives of trust evident in literature on public (mis)trust relating to climate science published up until May 2021, and to present the main findings from these papers. We identified six narratives of trust: attitudinal trust, cognitive trust, affective trust, contingencies of trust, contextual trust and communicated trust. The papers’ main findings spanned theoretical conclusions on the importance of positionality to trust and morality to trustworthiness, to qualitative findings that the scientific community was mainly trusted, to quantitative findings that explored how trust functioned as an independent, dependent or mediating variable. This literature review sheds important light on the interrelationship between climate science and publics, highlights areas for further research, and in its characterisation of trust narratives provides a language for conceptualising trust that can further interdisciplinary engagement.

Abstract: The revision of Law Number 7 of 2020, concerning the Third Amendment, to Law Number 24 of 2003, concerning the Constitutional Court, has sparked controversy in the community. Where the substance of the regulation since the first revision until now has always seemed to only tinker with the technical realm and the periodisation of the term of office of MK judges. The public has drawn attention to the closed and hasty nature of the formulation process. This has given rise to a long debate among the community regarding the potential threat to judicial independence, where the changes made are considered to be able to influence the decision-making process of MK judges. In the context of a state of law, changes to the regulation of the term of office of MK judges should consider the principles of justice and transparency to maintain the integrity of the judicial institution. To make sure that the judicial power can work independently and objectively, in line with democratic values, it is important to have rules that are clear and fair. Open and collaborative dialogue between the government, legislative institutions, and civil society is essential to creating regulations that are not only technical but also reflect the aspirations of the community and uphold the principles of justice and transparency as studied in the concept of a state of law. Purpose: This research aims to comprehensively analyse how the current MK judges' tenure arrangements are based on the principles of the rule of law. This research study explores the legal framework governing the tenure of MK judges, as well as the implications of these arrangements for the independence and accountability of the judicial institution. In addition, this study is expected to provide an in-depth analysis of legal issues related to the tenure of MK judges. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study is a normative legal analysis focused on identifying relevant legal rules, principles, and doctrines to address pressing legal issues. To achieve this, the research employs several methodologies, including a legislative approach, a conceptual approach, and a case-based approach. By utilizing these diverse methods, the research aims to thoroughly examine the implications of the current regulations governing the terms of office for MK judges on the principles of independence and accountability. These principles are essential ideals within the framework of a rule-of-law state, emphasizing the need for a renewable commitment to uphold judicial integrity and public trust. In addition, this research will also explore the impact of these regulations on public trust in judicial institutions. Findings: In this research, it was found that the substance of the MK judges' term of office regulated in Law Number 7 of 2020 does not reflect the principle of a state of law, which should be the theoretical basis in the process of draughting legal regulations. One of the main problems identified is the inconsistency in the draughting of articles relating to the period of the MK judges' term of office. This uncertainty creates confusion and the potential for abuse of power, as well as concerns that the decision-making of MK judges can be caused by political intervention alone. In addition, the process of drafting Law Number 7 of 2020 is considered too hasty and closed. This further worsens the legitimacy of the law and raises doubts among the public. Originality/value: This research emphasises the importance of legal certainty that supports the principle of independence in judicial power. This research highlights the importance of term office arrangements that not only guarantee stability but also protection against intervention from political power. Judges' terms of office that are too short or dependent on external influences can risk eroding public trust in the integrity of the judicial institution. In this context, this research provides insight that optimal arrangements must be based on the principle of a state of law in order to maintain a balance between stability and independence, to create a strong foundation for justice and legal order.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that contribute to cognitive and affective trust of social robots. Also investigated were the changes within two different types of trust over time and variables that influence trust. Elements of trust extracted from literature were used to evaluate people’s trust of social robot in an experiment. As a result of a factor analysis, ten factors that construct trust were extracted. These factors were further analyzed in relations with both cognitive and affective trust. Factors such as Security, Teammate, and Performance were found to relate with cognitive trust, while factors such as Teammate, Performance, Autonomy, and Friendliness appeared to relate with affective trust. Furthermore, changes in cognitive and affective trust over the time phases of the interaction were investigated. Affective trust appeared to develop in the earlier phase, while cognitive trust appeared to develop over the whole period of the interaction. Conversation topics had influence on affective trust, while robot’s mistakes had influence on the cognitive trust. On the other hand, prior experiences with social robots did now show any significant relations with neither cognitive nor affective trust. Finally, Familiarity attitude appeared to relate with both cognitive and affective trust, while other sub-dimensions of robot attitudes such as Interest, Negative attitude, and Utility appeared to relate with affective trust.

While exploring trust of leaders and managers in the workplace, this paper establishes a model of superior-subordinate communication, subordinates' level of trust on the leader, and job satisfaction. Using 242 employees in Chinese enterprises, we analyze the relationship among superior-subordinate communication, subordinates' trust with the leader, and job satisfaction. There is a significant positive correlation between communication frequency and affective trust, cognitive trust and job satisfaction. There is also a significant positive correlation between the non-commanding communication style and affective trust, cognitive trust and job satisfaction. There is a significant positive correlation between communication direction and affective trust, cognitive trust and job satisfaction. There is a significant positive correlation between subordinates' affective trust, cognitive trust to the leader and job satisfaction. Subordinates' affective trust and cognitive trust to the leader play a significant intermediary role in the relationship between communication frequency, the non-commanding communication style, the bilateral aspect of communication direction, and job satisfaction. Implications for research and practice are presented.

IntroductionTransformational leadership is crucial for team functioning and cohesion in sports, yet the psychological mechanisms, specifically the role of trust, linking this leadership style to team outcomes in competitive university contexts remain under-investigated. This study, therefore, examined the associations and potential mediating roles of cognitive and affective trust in the relationship between athletes’ perceptions of transformational leadership and team task cohesion.MethodsData were collected from 362 male university soccer players affiliated with the Korea University Sports Federation (KUSF) using stratified sampling and standardized self-report instruments. To examine the hypothesized relationships, we employed structural equation modeling (SEM), focusing on the direct and indirect effects of cognitive and affective trust as potential mediators.ResultsThe analysis indicated that transformational leadership had no significant direct association with team task cohesion. However, cognitive trust was found to function as the sole significant mediator in this relationship. Although affective trust was positively associated with transformational leadership and cognitive trust, it did not significantly relate to task cohesion. Furthermore, cognitive trust significantly predicted affective trust, consistent with a unidirectional sequence from rational appraisal to emotional bonding.DiscussionThese findings offer empirical support for the pivotal role of cognitive trust as a foundational mediator that simultaneously facilitates performance-oriented outcomes and interpersonal attachment in university sports. Specifically, the results extend theoretical understanding by clarifying that cognitive trust serves as a critical gateway, linking transformational leadership to both greater team task cohesion and the progressive development of affective trust among athletes. Practically, the results emphasize that coaches must prioritize consistent, competent, and fair leadership behaviors to cultivate cognitive trust; this strategic focus activates a dual psychological pathway that effectively enhances task-oriented cohesion while also strengthening the long-term emotional stability of the team.

Uncovering the dual influence processes for click-through intention in the mobile social platform: An elaboration likelihood model perspective

PurposeAlthough prior works in online retailing have addressed the influence of trust on customer responses, they conceptualized trust as a single dimension. Based on social-psychological literature and sociological literature, this study proposes that consumer trust in an online retailer has two principal forms: cognitive trust and affective trust. The purpose of this paper is to examine various factors influencing the development of each form of customer online trust and the subsequent effect on customer satisfaction (CS) and loyalty intention (LI).Design/methodology/approachSurvey approach is employed to validate the research model. Data are collected from 334 Indian consumers and using structural equation modeling the causal pathways of the model are investigated.FindingsThe results show that cognitive trust and affective trust are empirically distinguished variables in online retailing context. Cognitive trust and affective trust are found to mediate the relationship between perceived website quality, security and privacy policy, prior-interaction experience, perceived e-tailer reputation and shared value and CS. CS also positively influences LI toward the online retailer.Practical implicationsThe paper provides interesting insights about Indian consumers’ evaluation of online retailers. These useful insights would enable both international and national online retailers to develop and apply different strategies to improve customer trust, which is a key driver of CS and LI.Originality/valueDrawing from signaling theory and organizational studies literature, this paper investigates the relationship between different antecedents and affect-based and cognition-based trust in online retailing context. In particular, this is the first study to examine multi-dimensional nature of consumer trust in online retailing context. Besides, this paper clearly shows that cognitive trust and affective trust are the mediating variables that positively affect CS toward online retailers and help in building strong customer LI.

“Internet + Education” Strategy Under the Epidemic: Digitalization, Financialization and Integration

This study extends the justice-trust-word-of-mouth (WOM) model to identify which forms of perceived justice of service recovery have a greater impact on the consumers' affective/cognitive trust and to identify which trust more significantly influences WOM behaviour. Data was collected through a self-reported questionnaire administered to 326 undergraduate students who had experienced service failure and service recovery within the previous three months. The results reveal that while interactional justice dominates influences on affective trust, distributive justice has more significant influence on cognitive trust. Consequently, affective trust is one of the more crucial determinants of WOM behaviour. The finding assists service marketers in creating effective service and standards in the process of service recovery.