How to design driver takeover request in real-world scenarios: A systematic review

Abstract

Conditional automated driving systems have become a reality. Ensuring the safety during the driving takeover process has become a crucial concern, with the takeover request (TOR) playing an important role. Existing review studies often focus only on a particular aspects of the TOR and fail to consider the varied requirements of TOR in specific scenarios. In this review, we conducted a systematic literature search and identified 75 studies related to TOR design. Through the summarization of literature, we naturally arrived at the final research themes, which encompassed the key aspects of TOR design and specific situational factors. Our findings indicate the necessity for dynamic time budget (TB) in automated driving systems, emphasizing that longer TB contributes to improved safety. There is a need for multimodal capabilities within TOR, followed by tailored modal selection and combinations based on specific takeover scenarios. The integration of additional informative prompt in TOR is beneficial, provided that the type and content are carefully considered. Our study provides a comprehensive theoretical framework for future TOR design and suggests directions for future research efforts.