How the use of xenogeneic grafts can impact the relationship with some social groups and blood donor patients.

The Breast JournalVolume 25, Issue 3 p. 557-559 COMMENTARY Sentinel lymph node prognosis value in breast cancer Renata Capanema Saliba Franco, Corresponding Author Renata Capanema Saliba Franco saliba.renata@gmail.com Post Graduation Program in Health Science, Medical Science School of Medicine, Minas Gerais, Brazil Unit of Breast Cancer, Mater Dei Healthcare Network, Minas Gerais, Brazil Correspondence Renata Capanema Saliba Franco, Post Graduation Program in Health Science, Medical Science School of Medicine, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Email: saliba.renata@gmail.com and Alberto Julius Alves Wainstein, Alameda Ezequiel Dias, 275, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Email: albertojaw@gmail.comSearch for more papers by this authorHenrique M. Salvador Silva, Henrique M. Salvador Silva Unit of Breast Cancer, Mater Dei Healthcare Network, Minas Gerais, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorLaila L. Faria Almeida, Laila L. Faria Almeida Medical Science School of Medicine, Minas Gerais, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorAna Paula Drummond-Lage, Ana Paula Drummond-Lage orcid.org/0000-0003-0289-8953 Post Graduation Program in Health Science, Medical Science School of Medicine, Minas Gerais, Brazil Medical Science School of Medicine, Minas Gerais, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorAlberto Julius Alves Wainstein, Corresponding Author Alberto Julius Alves Wainstein albertojaw@gmail.com Post Graduation Program in Health Science, Medical Science School of Medicine, Minas Gerais, Brazil Medical Science School of Medicine, Minas Gerais, Brazil Correspondence Renata Capanema Saliba Franco, Post Graduation Program in Health Science, Medical Science School of Medicine, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Email: saliba.renata@gmail.com and Alberto Julius Alves Wainstein, Alameda Ezequiel Dias, 275, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Email: albertojaw@gmail.comSearch for more papers by this author Renata Capanema Saliba Franco, Corresponding Author Renata Capanema Saliba Franco saliba.renata@gmail.com Post Graduation Program in Health Science, Medical Science School of Medicine, Minas Gerais, Brazil Unit of Breast Cancer, Mater Dei Healthcare Network, Minas Gerais, Brazil Correspondence Renata Capanema Saliba Franco, Post Graduation Program in Health Science, Medical Science School of Medicine, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Email: saliba.renata@gmail.com and Alberto Julius Alves Wainstein, Alameda Ezequiel Dias, 275, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Email: albertojaw@gmail.comSearch for more papers by this authorHenrique M. Salvador Silva, Henrique M. Salvador Silva Unit of Breast Cancer, Mater Dei Healthcare Network, Minas Gerais, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorLaila L. Faria Almeida, Laila L. Faria Almeida Medical Science School of Medicine, Minas Gerais, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorAna Paula Drummond-Lage, Ana Paula Drummond-Lage orcid.org/0000-0003-0289-8953 Post Graduation Program in Health Science, Medical Science School of Medicine, Minas Gerais, Brazil Medical Science School of Medicine, Minas Gerais, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorAlberto Julius Alves Wainstein, Corresponding Author Alberto Julius Alves Wainstein albertojaw@gmail.com Post Graduation Program in Health Science, Medical Science School of Medicine, Minas Gerais, Brazil Medical Science School of Medicine, Minas Gerais, Brazil Correspondence Renata Capanema Saliba Franco, Post Graduation Program in Health Science, Medical Science School of Medicine, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Email: saliba.renata@gmail.com and Alberto Julius Alves Wainstein, Alameda Ezequiel Dias, 275, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Email: albertojaw@gmail.comSearch for more papers by this author First published: 15 April 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/tbj.13271Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume25, Issue3May/June 2019Pages 557-559 RelatedInformation

HaemophiliaVolume 17, Issue 2 p. 313-314 Detection of int1h-related inversion of the factor VIII gene S. F. PIO, S. F. PIO Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorC. MÜHLE, C. MÜHLE Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany and Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorG. C. DE OLIVEIRA, G. C. DE OLIVEIRA CEBio and Genomics and Computational Biology Group, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorS. M. REZENDE, S. M. REZENDE Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author S. F. PIO, S. F. PIO Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorC. MÜHLE, C. MÜHLE Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany and Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, AustriaSearch for more papers by this authorG. C. DE OLIVEIRA, G. C. DE OLIVEIRA CEBio and Genomics and Computational Biology Group, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorS. M. REZENDE, S. M. REZENDE Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 September 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2010.02392.xCitations: 2 Suely Meireles Rezende, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Alfredo Balena, 190 – 2nd floor – room 243, ZIP 30130-110, Belo Horizonte – Minas Gerais – Brazil.Tel./fax: +55 31 34099746/45;e-mail: [email protected] Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume17, Issue2March 2011Pages 313-314 RelatedInformation

HomeCirculation: Arrhythmia and ElectrophysiologyVol. 9, No. 12Atrial Pathology Findings in a Patient With PRKAG2 Cardiomyopathy and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Free AccessResearch ArticlePDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessResearch ArticlePDF/EPUBAtrial Pathology Findings in a Patient With PRKAG2 Cardiomyopathy and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Eduardo Back Sternick, MD, PhD, Stanley de Almeida Araújo, MD, Elizabeth Ribeiro da Silva Camargos, MD, PhD and Geraldo Brasileiro Filho, MD, PhD Eduardo Back SternickEduardo Back Sternick From the University Hospital, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (E.B.S.); Anatomia Patológica, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil (S.d.A.A.); Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (E.R.d.S.C.); and Centro de Microscopia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.B.F.). , Stanley de Almeida AraújoStanley de Almeida Araújo From the University Hospital, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (E.B.S.); Anatomia Patológica, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil (S.d.A.A.); Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (E.R.d.S.C.); and Centro de Microscopia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.B.F.). , Elizabeth Ribeiro da Silva CamargosElizabeth Ribeiro da Silva Camargos From the University Hospital, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (E.B.S.); Anatomia Patológica, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil (S.d.A.A.); Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (E.R.d.S.C.); and Centro de Microscopia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.B.F.). and Geraldo Brasileiro FilhoGeraldo Brasileiro Filho From the University Hospital, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (E.B.S.); Anatomia Patológica, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil (S.d.A.A.); Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (E.R.d.S.C.); and Centro de Microscopia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (G.B.F.). Originally published18 Nov 2016https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.116.004455Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology. 2016;9:e004455A white male patient aged 52 years with permanent atrial fibrillation and left ventricular hypertrophy because of glycogen storage cardiomyopathy, heterozygous for c.905G>A p.(Arg302Gln) PRKAG2 missense mutation on exon 7, was admitted because of partial pacemaker extrusion and pocket infection. His mother and 5 brothers carry the same mutation and were previously reported.1 A dual chamber pacemaker was implanted 20 years earlier because of third-degree atrioventricular block. Pacemaker leads and generator were explanted under extracorporeal circulation. A fragment from the base of the right atrial appendage was assessed for microscopic analysis. Percutaneous endomyocardial right ventricle (RV) biopsy was undertaken 1 year before. Morphological changes in ventricular myocardium in PRKAG2 cardiomyopathy have been reported,2 but there are no data on atrium pathology. Atrial section (Figure [A through C]) stained with periodic acid–Schiff (Figure [A]) and hematoxylin and eosin (Figure [B]) shows intense vacuolization of the myofibers with abundant gross granular inclusions—glycogen—(arrows) within vacuoles. There is no cardiomyocyte architecture disarray. Masson trichrome staining (Figure [C] and [F]) shows normal collagen fibers (blue) in the extracellular matrix, without fibrosis. Lower (Figure [D through F]) show histopathology findings in the RV, which were similar to those in the atrium, with vacuolization, absence of myocardial disarray, inflammatory cells, and fibrosis, findings consistent with RV histopathology previously reported.2 Transmission electron microscopy image from RV septum (D) shows mitochondria within abundant glycogen (small granules), between myofibrils.Download figureDownload PowerPointFigure. Atrial section (A–C) stained with periodic acid–Schiff (A) and hematoxylin and eosin (B) shows intense vacuolization of the myofibers with abundant gross granular inclusions—glycogen—(arrows) within vacuoles. There is no cardiomyocyte architecture disarray. Masson trichrome staining (C and F) shows normal collagen fibers (blue) in the extracellular matrix, without fibrosis. D to F, lower, Show histopathology findings in the right ventricle (RV), which were similar to those in the atrium, with vacuolization, absence of myocardial disarray, inflammatory cells, and fibrosis, findings consistent with RV histopathology. Transmission electron microscopy image from RV septum (D) shows mitochondria (M) within abundant glycogen (small granules), between myofibrils (MF).Patients with R302Q have a high incidence of atrial fibrillation.3 Ventricular preexcitation and hypertrophy, which are commonly present in these patients, may be contributors. It has also been suggested that in the absence of fibrosis, a reduction of pH because of increased glycogen content could influence ionic channels function, which may contribute to atrial fibrillation maintenance. Further studies are warranted in this model of persistent atrial fibrillation without fibrosis.DisclosuresNone.FootnotesCorrespondence to Eduardo Back Sternick, MD, PhD, Alameda do Morro 85, Torre 4, ap 1900, Vila da Serra, Minas Gerais, 34000000 Nova Lima, Brazil. E-mail [email protected]

Special Care in DentistryVolume 40, Issue 5 p. 529-530 LETTER TO THE EDITOR Breathing problems and COVID-19 in patients with developmental disabilities Lia Silva de Castilho, Corresponding Author Lia Silva de Castilho [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0001-9648-6815 School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Correspondence Lia Silva de Castilho, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-010, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorFrederico dos Santos Lages, Frederico dos Santos Lages School of Dentistry, Newton Paiva University Center, Belo Horizonte, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorRauel Victor Dutra Ferreira, Rauel Victor Dutra Ferreira School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Belo Horizonte, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorAna Cristina Borges de Oliveira, Ana Cristina Borges de Oliveira School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Belo Horizonte, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorÊnio Lacerda Vilaça, Ênio Lacerda Vilaça School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Belo Horizonte, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorIvana Márcia Alves Diniz, Ivana Márcia Alves Diniz School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Belo Horizonte, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author Lia Silva de Castilho, Corresponding Author Lia Silva de Castilho [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0001-9648-6815 School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Correspondence Lia Silva de Castilho, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-010, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorFrederico dos Santos Lages, Frederico dos Santos Lages School of Dentistry, Newton Paiva University Center, Belo Horizonte, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorRauel Victor Dutra Ferreira, Rauel Victor Dutra Ferreira School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Belo Horizonte, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorAna Cristina Borges de Oliveira, Ana Cristina Borges de Oliveira School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Belo Horizonte, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorÊnio Lacerda Vilaça, Ênio Lacerda Vilaça School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Belo Horizonte, BrazilSearch for more papers by this authorIvana Márcia Alves Diniz, Ivana Márcia Alves Diniz School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais State, Belo Horizonte, BrazilSearch for more papers by this author First published: 03 August 2020 https://doi.org/10.1111/scd.12504Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume40, Issue5September/October 2020Pages 529-530 RelatedInformation

BackgroundIt has been hypothesized that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have changed the conduct of obstetric practices at the time of labor, delivery, and birth. In Brazil, many practices lacking scientific evidence are implemented in this care, which is charcaterized by excessive use of unnecessary interventions. This scenario may have been worsened by the pandemic. Thus, we analyzed the effects of the pandemic on care during prenatal care and delivery by comparing the results of two surveys (one was administered before the pandemic and the other during the pandemic) in public hospitals in Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil.MethodsThis cross-sectional and comparative study analyzed preliminary data from the study “Childbirth and breastfeeding in children of mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2”, which was conducted in three referral maternity hospitals in Belo Horizonte - MG during the pandemic in the first half of 2020 in Brazil. The final sample consisted of 1532 eligible women. These results were compared with data from 390 puerperae who gave birth in the three public hospitals in the study “Birth in Belo Horizonte: labor and birth survey”, conducted before the pandemic to investigate the changes in practices of labor and delivery care for the mother and her newborn, with or without COVID-19 infection, before and during the pandemic. In this research, “Birth in Belo Horizonte: labor and birth survey”, data collection was performed between November 2011 and March 2013 by previously trained nurses. Between study comparisons were performed using Pearson’s chi-square test, with a confidence level of 95%, and using Stata statistical program.ResultsWe found a significant increase in practices recommended by the World Health Organization during the pandemic including the following: diet offering (48.90 to 98.65%), non-pharmacological pain relief (43.84 to 67.57%), and breastfeeding in the newborn´s first hour of life (60.31 to 77.98%) (p < 0.001). We found a significant reduction of non-recommended interventions, such as routine use of episiotomy (15.73 to 2.09%), the Kristeller maneuver (16.55 to 0.94%), oxytocin infusion misused (45.55 to 28.07%), amniotomy (30.81 to 15.08%), and lithotomy position during labor (71.23 to 6.54%) (p < 0.001).ConclusionOur study revealed a statistically significant increase in the proportion of use of recommended practices and a reduction in non-recommended practices during labor and delivery. However, despite advances in the establishment of World Health Organization recommended practices in labor, delivery, and birth, the predominance of interventionist and medicalized practices persists, which is worsened by events, such as the pandemic.

Chemistry and pharmacology of neurotoxic components of the venom from the spider Phoneutria nigriventer Keyserling 1891 : Carlos R. Diniz, Leonides Rezende Jr. and Marta N. Cordeiro (Department of Biochemistry and Immunology — Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais and Centro de Pesquisas e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias — Belo Horizonte — Minas Gerais — Brasil)

Destructive and painful ulcer in the posterior oral cavity and oropharynx

A 49-year-old man presented with severe headache and mental confusion of sudden onset. He had a previous history of hypertension, smoking, and alcohol abuse. Neurological examination was normal, except for neck rigidity. Cranial computed tomography (CT) revealed a hyperdense lesion located at the perimesencephalic region suggestive of an aneurysm at the top of the basilar artery (question mark sign). Hydrocephalus and ventricular bleeding were also present. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was unrevealing, and cerebral angiography was normal. The patient gradually recovered from headache after analgesia. A cerebral angiography was repeated after 2 weeks and was normal. The final diagnosis was: non-perimesencephalic, nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (NA-SAH) is divided in 2 different entities: perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage (PMNSAH) and non-perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage (n-PMN-SAH). Generally, the 2 patterns of NA-SAH can be reliably distinguished on CT scan. nPMN-SAH is associated with a higher incidence of complications and higher likelihood of finding an underlying cause of bleeding. It is also associated with a first false negative cerebral angiogram in 3% to 15% of cases. Angiography may yield false negative results due to vasospasm, vascular thrombosis, and mass effect by an adjacent hematoma, or a technically inadequate examination. The unfavorable course in patients with nPMN-SAH could be explained by other indicators of poor outcome, such as the amount of subarachnoid blood or the presence of intraventricular blood. Up to 8.5% of nPMN-SAH patients do rebleed, and 2.1 to 3.9% die as the result of a fatal rebleeding. From the Neurology Division, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (T.C. Vale); Neurosurgery Division, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (E.G. Morato); Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (P. Caramelli). Conflict of Interest: The authors report no conflict of interest. Fig 1.—A non-perimesencephalic, non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage peculiarly resembling a question mark sign. ISSN 0017-8748 doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02275.x Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Headache © 2012 American Headache Society

Introduction Molecular changes in oral leukoplakia (OL) or in adjacent ‘clinically normal mucosa’ might influence the persistence/recurrence of OL, allowing an opportunity for transformation into squamous cell carcinoma. This paper discusses the surgical management of patients with OL. Short communication Clinicians must understand that available treatment options are limited in their capacity to prevent oral cancer. Surgical resection is still currently the best technique for management of OL. Patients with OL also need to adjust their lifestyle. Conclusion We call for further studies to improve our understanding. Introduction According to a workshop coordinated by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer and Precancer, the term oral leukoplakia (OL) applies to ‘white plaques of questionable risk, having excluded (other) known diseases or disorders that carry no increased risk for cancer’1. OL typically presents as a white lesion of oral mucosa and is diagnosed when all other possible causes of white oral lesions are excluded1. A provisional diagnosis is made only when clinical examination is performed and any other clinical diagnosis is excluded1,2. Histological examination should support the diagnosis being mandatory for histological grading of epithelial dysplasia3. The extent or grade of dysplasia is currently the accepted reference method by which the malignant potential of OL is gauged to predict OL malignant transformation3. Key dysplastic features of stratified squamous epithelium include cellular atypia and loss of stratification4,5. Generally, dysplasia is classified by degree as mild, moderate or severe1,4,6. Despite being the gold standard method to predict malignant potential, there is little agreement between pathologists regarding epithelial dysplasia grading, and even nondysplastic lesions may transform. Subjectivity in the grading of OL, arbitrarily set grading thresholds, lack of calibration and limited knowledge of which criteria best predict malignant transformation may explain these disparities4,7,8. However, a meta-analysis has shown that the grade of dysplasia in OL and eventual malignant transformation correlate significantly9. Although excision may not eliminate this transformation, the likelihood is at least reduced9. Homogeneous OL lesions are flat, thin, uniformly white in colour and carry a low risk of malignant transformation1,2,10. On the other hand, mixed white and red lesions, with irregularly flat, nodular or verrucous areas, qualify as nonhomogeneous, and these are at high risk of progression to cancer2. The term oral verrucous leukoplakia signifies lesions with multifocal presentation that are resistant to treatment and are at a high risk of emergent cancer2. The primary risk factors for malignant transformation of OL are: (i) female gender, (ii) lesion chronicity, (iii) nonsmoker status, (iv) heterogeneous features, (v) tongue and floor of mouth sites, (vi) size >200 mm2, (vii) severity of dysplasia, (viii) aneuploidy and (xi) loss of heterozygosity2,11. Some molecular markers have shown promise in predicting the progression of premalignant oral lesions to squamous cell carcinoma, but none as yet are in routine clinical use12. Surgical techniques for managing patients with OL vary. However, randomized clinical trials have not addressed their efficacies in terms of preventing recurrent OL or its malignant transformation. This paper assesses the surgical treatment and what is achieved of patients with OL. Short Communication Treatment of OL At present, there is no scientific evidence that any manner of intervention prevents the development of squamous cell carcinoma in OL10. Recurrences may arise after surgical resection, based on mucosal field changes, which explains why widespread lesions pose a substantial threat of persistence/recurrence or malignant transformation. By definition, the concept of field cancerization denotes the presence of microscopic epithelial changes surrounding an oral cancer. Now we realize that even clinically normal mucosa, devoid of dysplasia at a microscopic level, might harbour molecular alterations predisposed to malignant transformation. Surgical excision is therefore ineffective in eradicating OL or preventing eventual malignancy. Instead, it is widely used for its potential as a diagnostic tool13. Of course, this benefit may be curtailed, if incisional biopsy is done rather than complete excision. * Corresponding author Email: rsgomez@ufmg.br 1 Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais – Brazil 2 Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais – Brazil

Canine babesiosis caused by Babesia canis vogeli in rural areas of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil and factors associated with its seroprevalence

to investigate the factors associated with the mode of delivery in pregnant women in the city of Belo Horizonte. cross-sectional study developed with data from the study "Being born in Belo Horizonte: survey on childbirth and birth" carried out in seven maternity hospitals in Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais. The final sample consisted of 1088 pregnant/postpartum women. In this study, to verify the magnitude of the association between the outcome variable and its possible determinants (exposure variables) logistic regression models were constructed to estimate the Odds Ratio. increasing age, the lack of companionship, the hospital's private financing for performing delivery and being a first-time pregnant woman increased the chance of delivery by cesarean section. Final Considerations: the knowledge of factors associated with the prevalence of cesarean sections can support reflections among health professionals about this surgical procedure in certain situations, especially when there are no precise clinical indications.

The modern neurology in Belo Horizonte was inaugurated in the late 1950s, influenced by the Rio de Janeiro´s Medical School and the international scenario. This article aims to analyze the emergence of Neurology in the capital of Minas Gerais and the influences it received. To this end, it was conducted a systematic search in electronic databases, such as Google Scholar and Scielo, using the keywords “History”, “Neurology” and “Minas Gerais”, articulated with boolean descriptors, selecting a total of three articles focused on historical approaches. In this regard, in the XIX century, modern neurology has been established on the basis of three major neurological schools in Germany, England and France, in which neurology was initiated as a medical speciality in 1882, at the Medical Faculty of the University of Paris. In Brazil, until 1911, Neurology was taught by professors of Medical Clinic and, later, by neuropsychiatrists, inaugurating the discipline of Neurology, distinct from Psychiatry, in 1912, in Rio de Janeiro´s Medical School, ruled by the “Father of Brazilian Neurology”, the professor Antônio Austregésilo Rodrigues Lima. In Belo Horizonte, the Medical School of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) was created in 1911. From this regard, until the 1950s, neurology, in Minas Gerais´ capital was exercised by neuropsychiatrists and neurosurgeons, when it was introduced modern Neurology by the doctors José Geraldo Albernaz, who, in 1962, assumed the position of full professor on neurological clinic and starts the Medical Residency in Neurosurgery at the Hospital das Clínicas of the UFMG, and Gilberto Belisário, who was oriented by Professor Albernaz and was elected, in 1997, Professor Emeritus of the Faculty of Medicine of UFMG. Therefore, neurology has gone a long way to becoming recognizedly a medical specialty in medical schools. Currently, it is the area of study of diseases of the Nervous System, whose specialist in diagnosing and treating them is the neurologist doctor.

Described by the Brazilian scientist Carlos Chagas more than a century ago, Chagas disease (ChD) currently affects 8 to 10 million persons and causes more than 10 000 deaths each year.[1][1] Originally confined to Latin American countries, ChD had been considered an exotic disease and received less

To describe vaccination coverage and hesitation for the basic children's schedule in Belo Horizonte and Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Population-based epidemiological surveys performed from 2020 to 2022, which estimated vaccine coverage by type of immunobiological product and full schedule (valid and ministered doses), according to socioeconomic strata; and reasons for vaccination hesitancy. Overall coverage with valid doses and vaccination hesitancy for at least one vaccine were, respectively, 50.2% (95%CI 44.1;56.2) and 1.6% (95%CI 0.9;2.7), in Belo Horizonte (n = 1,866), and 64.9% (95%CI 56.9;72.1) and 1.0% (95%CI 0.3;2.8), in Sete Lagoas (n = 451), with differences between socioeconomic strata. Fear of severe reactions was the main reason for vaccination hesitancy. Coverage was identified as being below recommended levels for most vaccines. Disinformation should be combated in order to avoid vaccination hesitancy. There is a pressing need to recover coverages, considering public health service access and socioeconomic disparities. Vaccination coverage of children up to 4 years old was 50.2% in Belo Horizonte, and 64.9% in Sete Lagoas. Fear of severe reactions and believing that vaccination against eradicated diseases is unnecessary were the main reasons for vaccination hesitancy. Recovery of high vaccination coverage among children, considering public health service access conditions and socioeconomic inequities. Acting on reasons for hesitancy that can assist in targeting actions. The multifactorial context of vaccination hesitancy demands the development of health education strategies to raise awareness about child immunization.

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article LETTERFull AccessComplete Atrioventricular Block in a Young Schizophrenia PatientFilipi Costa Dias M.D.,Hugo Canos Prais M.D., M.Sc.,Rose M F Lisboa da Silva M.D., Ph.D.,Humberto Correa M.D., Ph.D.,Filipi Costa Dias M.D.Search for more papers by this author,Hugo Canos Prais M.D., M.Sc.Search for more papers by this author,Rose M F Lisboa da Silva M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author,Humberto Correa M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author,Published Online:1 Apr 2010https://doi.org/10.1176/jnp.2010.22.2.247.e30AboutSectionsView articlePDFView EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View articleTo the Editor: It is widely known that psychiatric patients have higher rates of death from several causes, including cardiovascular disease, especially among those with schizophrenia. 1 A wide number of factors may contribute to this increased risk, including the use of psychotropic agents with cardiovascular adverse effects. Soon after their discovery, antipsychotics were related to sudden death. Traditionally, the main effect of antipsychotics takes place on the heart conduction system and the QT interval. 2 Complete atrioventricular block is not routinely associated with the use of antipsychotics, and, to our concern, there has been only one report of the development of atrioventricular block concurrent with the use of antipsychotics. 3We hereby present a case report of a 20-year-old man with schizophrenia who developed complete atrioventricular block during the use of antipsychotics while he was under inpatient treatment at Galba Velloso Hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. He had been under irregular psychiatric treatment since he was 16, using lithium carbonate, carbamazepine, and risperidone, and despite the treatment there had been no improvement in his state. In a psychiatric forensic exam he was diagnosed as having disorganized schizophrenia or hebephrenia. There was no medical history of clinical comorbidities other than a report of alcohol abuse since the age of Initially he was prescribed haloperidol (10 mg/day) and lorazepam (2 mg/night); carbamazepine (800 mg/day) was gradually added to his regimen in an attempt to control the impulsivity and disorganized behavior. Since there was no improvement after 18 days of this treatment, we substituted haloperidol with pimozide, 4 mg t.i.d., before trying an atypical antipsychotic. Two days after this change, the patient presented syncope with heart rate of 20 bpm and blood pressure of 140 × 90 mm Hg. A bedside ECG revealed signs of complete atrioventricular block, high amplitude QRS complexes, and a QTc of 560 ms ( Figure 1 ). He was transferred to the Hospital of Clinics of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, where a temporary transvenous pacemaker was used in an attempt to correct the arrhythmia. Although drugs were washed out, there was persistent conduction disturbance, which led to the implantation of a permanent pacemaker. Biochemical exams revealed no abnormalities in the electrolytes, liver, or kidney functions, and a chest radiography showed an increased cardio-thoracic index. Thyroid function and trypanosome serology studies had normal values. A cardiologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of asymptomatic heart failure probably due to alcoholic cardiomyopathy. An echocardiogram showed dilated cardiomyopathy with an ejection fraction of 39%. The patient is currently being treated with olanzapine (20 mg/day) and lithium carbonate (1,200 mg/day), resulting in good control of psychotic symptoms and disorganized behavior; he has had no other cardiovascular events since. FIGURE 1. Bedside ECG Showing Complete Atrioventricular Block, Pathological Q-Waves, and High-Amplitude QRS ComplexesThis is, up to the moment, the first case report of the development of an atrioventricular block attributable to the use of pimozide, considering that the patient had presented no cardiovascular event when he previously used carbamazepine. This report indicates the importance of clinical monitoring of psychiatric patients, in an attempt to prevent sudden events that could have lethal consequences.Postgraduation Program of the Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, BrazilMental Health Section of the Department of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, BrazilDepartment of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, BrazilDepartment of Mental Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil