Abstract
Reciprocity with primary care-givers affects subjects’ adaptive abilities towards the construction of the most useful Personal Meaning Organization (PMO) with respect to their developmental environment. Over the last ten years we analyzed the post-rationalist approach focusing on the construction of a specific framework for distinguishing immediate experience from explanations of the experience, the slow-motion (“moviola”) technique, and the analysis of awareness and resistance. Neuroimaging (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, fMRI), genetic polymorphism investigations and new psychodiagnostic post-rationalist tests (Mini Questionnaire of Personal Organization, MQPO, and Post-Rationalist Projective Reactive, PRPR) were used to conduct a scientific in vivo study of PMO. The presence of specific and stable clinical patterns both in inward and outward subjects was supported by parallel differences in cerebral activation during emotional tasks at fMRI and in the different expression of some polymorphisms concerning serotonin pathways; Furthermore, validation data concerning both a questionnaire (as MQPO) and, crucially, a projective test (as PRPR) allowed to distinguish four organizational profiles, confirming their adaptive significance in assimilation of experience. Focusing on the PMO promotes the emergence of adaptive individual resources, thereby improving skills needed to control perturbing emotions and to apply more flexible behaviour strategies.
Highlights
Reciprocity with primary care-givers affects subjects’ adaptive abilities towards the construction of the most useful Personal Meaning Organization (PMO) with respect to their developmental environment
The presence of specific and stable clinical patterns both in inward and outward subjects was supported by parallel differences in cerebral activation during emotional tasks at fMRI and in the different expression of some polymorphisms concerning serotonin pathways; validation data concerning both a questionnaire and, crucially, a projective test allowed to distinguish four organizational profiles, confirming their adaptive significance in assimilation of experience
In which personality styles were investigated by expert therapists of Institute of Post-Rationalist Psychology (IPRA; Mazzola et al, 2010), it was demonstrated that variability of amygdale activity is related to the personality style: looking facial expressions of fear, inwards subjects present a higher activation of amygdale, hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex; on the contrary, outward subjects have a higher activation at level of fusiphorm gyrus, dorsal-lateral frontal cortex, and occipital cortex
Summary
Among constructivist approaches to psychotherapy, the post-rationalist paradigm constitutes one of the most innovative, proposing a useful epistemological theory of mental functioning with successful applications in clinical practice. S/he can discover the tendency: a) to control a dangerous world regarding his/her own need to be protected and to be free at the same time (in Controller PMO), b) to save himself/herself from the risk of abandonment, loss and failure (in Detached PMO), c) to research other persons’ approval and agreement in situations perceived as personal examination to avoid disapproval and disagreement (in Contextualized PMO), or d) to research safety and certainty with respect to the antithetical aspects of experience, choosing the right manner to see life (in Principle-Oriented PMO) The consequence of this change is that the usual modality of self-referring the experience is seen only as one of the innumerable possible (and not always available) ways chosen and utilized by others. Aim of this paper is to discuss the new tools provided by clinical and psycho-diagnostic post-rationalist adaptive model developed by our team
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