Abstract
Barley is one of the most important cereals growing in the Czech Republic. In this paper, we have evaluated how different fertilizer treatments (Control, N1—30 kg ha−1 N, N2—60 kg ha−1 N, NPK1—30, 60, 80 kg ha−1, respectively, NPK2—60, 60, 80, and NPK3—90, 60, 80) affected spring barley grain yield under different soil-climate conditions (Caslav-degraded Chernozem, Ivanovice-Chernozem, Lukavec-Cambisol) between the years 2013 and 2016. The agronomic efficiency (AE) and the effect of the fertilizer treatments (Control, N2, NPK2) on soil properties (pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cox, Nt) were also evaluated. The spring barley grain yield was significantly affected by the fertilizer treatment and soil-climate conditions. Two different models (quadratic and linear-plateau) provided the maximum and reasonable doses of N, according to the soil-climate conditions. Application of mineral P and K slightly increased the AE. The regular application of mineral P and K fertilizers led to an increase in the P and K concentration in the soil, which maintains soil fertility and prevents soil depletion.
Highlights
Barley is one of the most important arable crops growing in the Czech Republic
We have evaluated how six fertilizer treatments (Control, N1, N2, NPK1, NPK2, NPK3) affected spring barley grain yield under three different soil-climate conditions between the years 2013 and 2016
To determine the effect of fertilizers on spring barley yields, we evaluated the following treatments: Control, N1, N2, NPK1, NPK2 (60, 60, 80 kg ha−1, respectively), and NPK3 (90, 60, 80 kg ha−1, respectively)
Summary
Barley is one of the most important arable crops growing in the Czech Republic. Following the winter wheat and winter rapeseed, barley is the third most cultivated crop in the Czech Republic, covering approximately 332 thousand ha of arable land with a total grain production of 1.8 million tons in 2020. The average grain yield was approximately 5.3 t ha−1 between the years 2015 and 2019 [1]. Both winter and spring forms of barley are grown mainly for livestock feedstuff production and approximately 30% of the spring barley is used for malt production in the Czech Republic. A demanded grain yield can be achieved by choosing a suitable barley cultivar [2,3,4], preceding crop [5,6], soil preparation technique [7,8] and proper fertilization [4,9,10,11,12]. The soil-climate conditions of the locality where the barley grows represent another factor significantly affecting barley grain yield and quality [4,12,13,14]
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