How Inappropriately Heavyweight AI Solutions Dragged Down A Startup (and Made Me Realize that Industrial Salaries Are High for a Good Reason)

The realization of Ukraine's innovation potential is permanently hampered by a number of political and socio-economic factors. However, despite numerous problems in the economy, innovative entrepreneurship in the form of startup projects shows stable growth. The Ukrainian startup sector has become one of the few sectors of the economy that has been developing dynamically in recent years. International experience indicates that the state is an important player in building the national startup ecosystem. In particular, the state plays a leading role in preventing the outflow of startups to other world ecosystems. The purpose of the article was to establish the features of the state support for the national startup ecosystem and outline the ways to strengthen this support. Based on the analysis of international experience, the existing approaches, methods, and tools used in the world practice to support the startup ecosystems were identified. In terms of the development of the startup ecosystems, two major types of state policies are outlined: proactive policy and reactive policy. The paper provides key characteristics of theses types of policies. The analysis of government support for national startup ecosystem was conducted. Although the development of innovative entrepreneurship was defined as a strategic priority of Ukrainian government, the speed of implementation of practical measures aimed at achieving this goal is insufficient. Positive tendencies in the state support of Ukrainian startups as well as the main directions for state stimulation of the domestic startup ecosystem were highlighted.To stimulate the development of the domestic startup ecosystem, the following areas of state support were considered: legal regula-tion, startup investment, human capital development, competence centers, infrastructure development, media and event management. The factors that inhibit state support for startups were identified. In addition, the role of the private sector in building the national ecosys-tem of startups was outlined. Promising area of further research is the analysis of trends in the global startup industry and comprehension of international experience to elaborate efficient tools for domestic startup ecosystem support. Keywords: startup, startup ecosystem, state policy, investments in startups, human capital, startup ecosystem infrastructure. У статті розглядається роль держави як суб’єкта формування вітчизняної екосистеми стартапів. На основі аналізу міжнарод-ного досвіду визначені існуючі у світовій практиці підходи до формування державної політики підтримки екосистеми стартапів, напрями та практичні інструменти стимулювання стартапів. Висвітлені відмінності між проактивною та реактивною політикою стимулюванння екосистеми стартапів. Проаналізовано сучасний стан державної підтримки стартапів в Україні. Хоча в Україні розвиток інноваційного підприємництва визначений як стратегічний пріоритет державної політики, однак темпи імплементації практичних заходів, спрямованих на досягнення цієї мети, є недостатніми. Визначені інструменти державного стимулювання вітчизняної екосистеми стартапів, що відносяться до державно-правового регулювання, інвестування стартапів, розвитку людського капіталу, створенння центрів компетенцій, інфраструктурного забезпечення, медіа та івент менеджменту. Ключові слова: стартап, екосистема стартапів, політика підтримки стартапів, інвестування стартапів, людський капітал, інфраструктура стартапів.

To fulfill the needs of a dynamic environment a country need startups, and to boost them a country needs a supporting environment. Every nation is motivating its individuals to become an entrepreneur. Government of India is making exceptional effort to support startups through various support programs, campaigns and policies. The government has initiated many schemes such as Startup India, AIM, Make in India, Multiplier Grants Schemes (MGS), Academic Research In Science, Engineering, Art and Management (ARSEAM) and many more to encourage individuals for building innovative startups. The objective is to excel its economy through employment opportunities, infrastructure development, technology upgradation and innovations. The study discusses the contributions made by the government in promotion and development of startups. But, entrepreneurship is not only influenced by the government initiatives, ‘Individual Factors’ plays an equally important role in building a startup. Individual factors such as creativity, innovative skills, and leadership qualities are equally important to motivate an individual to become an entrepreneur. The paper discusses the role of individual factors as well as the government support in entrepreneurial process. The paper also discusses the importance of both factors and does a comparative study through ‘Pearson Correlation Analysis’ to understand the significance of relationship between the startups and government initiatives and individual factors. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, correlation, creativity, subsidiaries, infrastructure, ventures Cite this Article Pragati Saxena. An Empirical Study to Understand the Influence of Government Initiatives and Individual Factors on Startups. OmniScience: A Multi-disciplinary Journal. 2018; 8(2): 32–41p.

Purpose: Journalistic startups are thriving around the world, bringing new approaches to the news media environment in terms of concepts, contents, dissemination, internal organization, and business models. This research is relevant to create a prospective view on the evolution of the news media business in the next years, also allowing us to identify some trends and experiences which can be useful to future researchers work, and for professionals of news media companies, startups or not, to get some insights that might help to develop (or even save) their own businesses. Methodology: Through semi-structured interviews with the editorial managers of each of the research subjects, we tried to understand the genesis, concepts, processes, and goals of these startups. We made a thematic analysis of the content, using an adapted version of the IPTC NewsCodes, to understand the editorial approach in terms of Genre, Subject, Media Topic, Media, and Priority in each of the startup’s publication platform. To better understand the business, we did a business model mapping, using the Business Model Canvas conceptual tool, for all the subjects. Findings/Contribution: The main findings indicate that all the startups in this research started through the identification of a problem or a need, within a small group of friends or colleagues. They all try to fit into a niche and not compete with legacy media, and search for alternative financing sources. All the teams are small, produce mainly long form reporting and interviews, and use mostly written text - but video tends to grow in volume. All the subjects work for niche audiences, by location or interests. These results contribute to create a structured and broader view of the journalistic startups scene in Portugal, but can also help other researchers to apply similar methods to map different realities, in geographical or thematical terms. This research can also contribute to better understanding the challenges that digital news media face in this networked society we live in.

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and startups are widely recognized to have an important and substantial role in the Indonesian economy. Therefore, an ecosystem and standardization are needed to provide better progress and facilitate the growth and development of SMEs and startups. Likewise, with cooperatives, if cooperatives still carry out a “monotonous” pattern that does not take advantage of technological developments optimally and are ready to transform in the industrial revolution era 4.0, it is impossible that the cooperative will be abandoned. The government can create an ecosystem such as a startup through the hybrid approach. Hybrid approach can be an accelerated solution for increasing the independence and competitiveness of SMEs and cooperatives. The novelty in this research is a startup system with a hybrid approach that has never existed before in Indonesia escalating the tourism sector, cooperative systems, and SMEs. Furthermore, they can offer their products and / or services so that their function can be declared as online services and government operations. This research aimed to introduce the hybrid approach in startup development initiated by the South Sumatra Province Cooperatives and SME Service which will be implemented in 13 districts and 4 cities in South Sumatra Province. The results of the research were expected that the IBS model initiated by the provincial government and developed with the hybrid approach can become a new platform for SME actors and cooperative managers in order to become more independent, have competitiveness, and preserve the ability to face the challenges of the 4.0 era. Likewise, the increase of tourist visits in South Sumatra Province will enhance the important formation of collaboration between related parties in the form of crowdsourcing in the government environment. However, to make the ecosystem able to accelerate the achievement of performance targets and provide better public services is needed.

In 2015 the European Commission (EC) DG CNECT launched the 2nd edition of the Startup Europe (SE) initiative under the Horizon 2020 EU Research and Innovation programme. This initiative coordinated the efforts of six distinct projects (Digistart, Welcome, ePlus, Startup Scaleup, Twist and Startup Europe Partnership) that connected just as many European entrepreneurial ecosystems. This report provides the theoretical framework to analyse the policy support to entrepreneurship and evidence on the nearly 700 startups participating in the SE projects. This exercise also helps to collect relevant insights about the effectiveness of the matching between the SE offerings and the needs of startups.

India is a country of many great legends that were famous all over the world because of their work, sharp mind & high skill. Youths in India are very talented, high skilled & full of innovative ideas. But they don't get opportunity due to lack of solid support & proper guidance in right direction. In this way, BJP government launched “START UP INDIA STAND UP INDIA” scheme on 16 January 2016 to help the youth of India to go in right direction using their new & innovative ideas. This scheme was launched to motivate & promote new comers towards business & grow their career as well as economy of the country. This programme is a big start to enable Start ups through financial support so that they can use their innovative ideas in right direction. There are tremendous opportunities for Start up entrepreneurs in India. The key areas are Like Textile, Media, Health Sector, Event Planner, Tourism, Automobile etc. So there are various opportunities where entrepreneurs can start their Start ups. But along with opportunities there are some challenges also that Start up entrepreneurs may have to face like Infrastructure Deficit in India, Risk Factor and Right Talent Acquisition etc. Despite of these challenges, Government as well Start up entrepreneurs should have to work together to face these challenges & make this programme effective. The study will focus on Start up India scheme, opportunities available under this scheme as well as challenges may have to be faced & suggestions to overcome the challenges so as to make the Start up India programme successful

Program Platform Startowych jest jednym z wiodących programów unijnego wspierania innowacyjnej przedsiębiorczości we wschodniej Polsce. Po realizacji fazy pilotażu wdrażana jest właściwa część Programu. W jego ramach startupy mogą uzyskać wsparcie inkubacyjne z jednej z sześciu Platform, a następnie dotację w wysokości 1 mln zł na realizację innowacyjnego biznesu. Celem artykułu jest ocena skuteczności działań i organizacji procesów inkubacji startupów przeprowadzona na podstawie jednej z Platform Startowych – „Start in Podkarpackie” jako modelowego rozwiązania w zakresie organizacji procesów wspierania startupów w fazie tzw. inkubacji. Zdefiniowano hipotezę badawczą, która brzmi następująco: procesy inkubacji startupów realizowane w modelu zaprojektowanym w Platformach Startowych są mało skutecznym sposobem wspierania rozwoju innowacyjnych przedsięwzięć. Weryfikacji hipotezy dokonano na podstawie analizy modelowego rozwiązania organizacji tych procesów zilustrowanych przykładem Platformy „Start in Podkarpackie”. W analizie przypadku, stanowiącej swego rodzaju eksplorację ukierunkowaną na ocenę skuteczności funkcjonowania Platform Startowych wykorzystano metodę wywiadu z menedżerami inkubacji odpowiedzialnymi za organizację procesów inkubacji startupów uczestniczących w Programie. Wnioski i rekomendacjemogą zostać wykorzystane w doskonaleniu procesów wsparcia inkubacyjnego w Platformie „Start in Podkarpackie” oraz innych platform w usprawnianiu mechanizmów inkubacji startupów.

Nové technologie často otevírají nové možnosti pro realizaci nápadů. Příkladem je využití cloud computingu, které umožňuje nejen snížit náklady již existujících firem, ale také akcelerovat vznik nových firem. Přestože existuje celá řada podpůrných materiálů, ne vždy jsou přínosy technologie správně zapracovány do tvorby strategie a byznys plánu. Zvláště technologické IT firmy se zaměřují především na technologickou platformu a ekonomicko-manažerský pohled jim uniká. Důsledkem tohoto opomíjení je často předčasný konec realizace myšlenek, které by při lepším uchopení měly šanci na úspěch. V tomto článku tuto situaci analyzujeme a za využití metody reálných opcí prezentujeme možné řešení tohoto problému. Důvodem pro výběr metody reálných opcí je volatilita, která umožňuje do plánování zahrnout nestabilitu a rizika okolního prostředí.

Frauen sind in der Start-up-Welt unterrepräsentiert. In Deutschland wurden seit 2008 nur 4 Prozent der Start-ups von Frauen gegründet. Hingegen ist der Anteil der von Frauen gegründeten Unternehmen, welche nicht als Start-up gelten, mit rund 40 Prozent vergleichsweise hoch. Auf der Suche nach den Gründen für die Diskrepanz analysiert diese Studie, wie Jugendliche Unternehmertum und Gründungen wahrnehmen, und verdeutlicht die Unterschiede in der Einschätzung der eigenen Fähigkeiten und der Selbstwirksamkeit zwischen Mädchen und Jungen. Die Ergebnisse der Befragung von 2.221 Mädchen und Jungen zeigen, dass Mädchen zwar ein sehr positives Bild vom Unternehmertum haben, sich aber deutlich mehr als Jungen nicht vorstellen können, selbst ein Start-up zu gründen. Die Selbsteinschätzung der Mädchen hinsichtlich ihrer Kreativität und Flexibilität, zwei Fähigkeiten, die besonders für Start-up-Gründungen relevant sind, kann dies zumindest teilweise erklären. Es ist somit nicht der Mangel an Unternehmergeist per se, der dazu führt, dass Mädchen seltener bereit sind, ein Start-up zu gründen, und dass Frauen daher in der Start-up-Welt weniger aktiv sind. Um den Anteil der Start-up-Gründungen durch Frauen zu erhöhen, muss ihr Selbstvertrauen besonders in Bezug auf die nicht-kognitiven Fähigkeiten von Kreativität und Flexibilität gefördert werden. Mentoring sowie eine entsprechende Ausbildung und Erziehung schon in jungen Jahren könnten als mögliche Lösungsansätze dienen.

of turbomachinery and rotating equipment experience. He is assigned to DuPont Engineering Technology Rotating Machinery Group, in Old Hickory, Tennessee. Since 1983, Mr. Locke has consulted on turbomachinery and process machinery for repairs, reliability improvements, retrofits, new equipment specification and startups, performance modeling, and more recently on machinery Process Safety Management. In his first 11 years in DuPont, he held plant assignments in the Petrochemicals Department providing technical assistance to operations and maintenance, including the startup of several large process compressors and other rotating and process equipment. Mr. Locke received a B.S. degree (Mechanical Engineering, 1972) from Purdue University and is a member of ASME. He has presented several papers at the Turbomachinery Symposia, the University of Virginia ROMAC, and represents DuPont on Texas A&M’s Turbomachinery Research Consortium.

Atualmente as grandes empresas estão cada vez mais próximas das startups. Para reduzir o risco do relacionamento e aumentar a segurança jurídica, entende-se que a propriedade intelectual necessita ser incorporada à tomada de decisão da empresa. Desta forma, buscou-se analisar junto às empresas de grande porte brasileiras associadas à ANPEI (Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento das Empresas Inovadoras) se a propriedade intelectual é um fator relevante em suas estratégias de relacionamento com startups. Para tanto, uma pesquisa exploratória mista (quantitativa e qualitativa) intencional foi realizada utilizando um questionário enviado para 100% das empresas qualificadas (73) como respondentes pela associação supracitada. Com uma taxa de 26% de resposta (19), obteve-se uma amostra satisfatória neste tipo de abordagem. Os resultados mostraram que as empresas brasileiras entrevistadas consideram “Tecnologia e Inovação”, “Alinhamento entre a empresa e startup” e “Qualidade e capacidade da equipe” como os fatores mais relevantes para a tomada de decisão para firmar um relacionamento. A propriedade intelectual é caracterizada como relevante nas decisões estratégicas para um relacionamento com startup, pois é citada por 58% das empresas respondentes.

Purpose - To success, in spite of deficient resources, a start-up company has to check various circumstances. Many researchers proposed different appraisal methods for technology commercialization. But everybody agrees Merrifield is the first one, who is a pioneer of an appraisal model of technology commercialization. After he proposed it, many researchers and field workers developed a more complicated model, which called a BMO model. In this research, considering the circumstances of start-ups that lack available resources, it proposes a new appraisal method for technology commercialization, which is named a weighted-BMO model. Research design, data, and methology - For the new BMO-model, it studied the preceding studies. And it found that the success factors for start-ups were correlated with technology commercialization. After comparing the success factors for technology commercialization of start-ups with BMO appraisal factor, it withdraws the net BMO appraisal model: which we are calling the weighted-BMO model. Results – This study found a few things. First, actually, the BMO appraisal factors related with the success factors of technology commercialization. Second, the weighted-BMO model, which included the entrepreneur ability factor, was more accurately estimated the success of technology-based start-ups than the BMO model. Third, it overcame the weakness of the BMO-model, which did not include quantitative factors. In addition to evaluating the feasibility of the BMO model, we also presented a strategy for the future direction. But, still, it included a few shortcomings, which we are calling the arbitrage of weighted value. Sometimes, the intentional weighted value can deliberate the different valuation. Conclusitons - Due to this study, the weighted-BMO model included appraisal factors related with the success factors of technology commercialization and the entrepreneur ability factor, and quantitative factors. When evaluating the combined score of the existing Merrified BMO components, 35 points of the first pass criterion accounted for 29.17% of the total score, and 80 points of the merit score of the second rank criterion were 66.67% Considering that the weighted sum is taken into account, the baseline score of the weighted summing method for each component of the modified BMO model is 2.92 points, which is 29.17% of the weighted sum total of 10 points. The evaluation score was 6.67 points, 66.67% of the weighted total score of 10 points.

The central aim of this paper is to analyze the RD the first will focus on the production of knowledge in the university, the second will consider entrepreneurship across the boundary between the university and outside entities, and the third will examine the local agricultural economies or industries external to the university. In the first step, the university’s research is modelled within a knowledge production function framework at the level of the university departments or research units. Because of data limitations, previous studies of academic research production and knowledge transfer have focused only at the institutional level, and have been skewed toward one or two knowledge dissemination channels such as academic publications and citations, or university patents and their licensing. This study takes into consideration a full range of potential knowledge dissemination channels, as indicated by such measures as academic journal publications, degrees awarded (master and doctoral), industry co-authorship on publications, private sponsorship of research projects, extension activities, invention disclosures, patent applications, licenses, and startups, again, at the level of the different disciplines and departments or research units of the university, from 1989 to 2012. These various measures make it possible to analyze the extent to which the different types of knowledge dissemination channels work and to calculate returns to scale and elasticity of knowledge production and dissemination across the different disciplines and research units of the university. The empirical model employs a novel panel count data model with polynomial distributed lags of input-output of the knowledge production function. The second step will analyze how the entrepreneurial university works between inside and outside entities called academic research teams or scientific project teams as quasi-firms. The main components of organizing the research teams are the magnitudes and types of funding sources, and principal investigators’ social and academic networks. Moreover, principal investigators’ academic reputations and social leadership are also important to constructing research teams in order to win grants for specific research, to attract skilled team members, and to attain industrial investments or federal research grants. These research teams produce knowledge outputs in the university for different purposes or projects. At Colorado State University, in the eight years from 2005 to 2012, the average total grant award was $252 million and the average private sponsored grant award was $19 million. These grant awards have been increasing rapidly as have the sizes of research teams. Moreover, this study will explore the relationship between research team size and magnitude of research funding, which affects both the productivity of knowledge outputs and industrial collaboration activities. In addition, it will examine how research teams are assembled and composed based on agricultural and related priorities at Colorado State University and the kinds of research output they mainly produce. In the third step, Colorado State University knowledge spillover and its commercial impact on local economies, especially in Colorado agriculture-related sectors or industries, will be examined in relation to the different types of knowledge dissemination channels: public domains of knowledge mechanism, collaboration of knowledge mechanism, patenting/licensing of knowledge mechanism, and venture creation of knowledge mechanism. This step will describe and analyze not only Colorado State University agriculture based collaboration activities such as industry co-authorship articles, private sponsored grant awards, and extension budget as old fashion, but also Colorado State University affiliated patenting and venture startups as a newer mode of collaboration. Moreover, this study attempts to determine the locations of private industries in both agricultural and non-agricultural sectors, to confirm the relationship between geographic distance and the types of Colorado State University knowledge transfer mechanisms employed, to show whether Colorado State University knowledge channels are sticky or slippery in the local agricultural related sectors, and to consider the relationship between Colorado State University knowledge channels and State Agricultural Experimental Station (SAES) budgets. In summary, while the roles of the university have been addressed by many researchers and policy makers in the last few decades, of particular importance have been the potential of university knowledge transfer activities for both local and global economies. We examine the process of Colorado State University knowledge transfer activities and their commercial impact on local agricultural economies within the state of Colorado by way of the three steps described above: knowledge productivity (inside the university), entrepreneurship (between the university and the outside), and local agricultural economies (outside the university).

We offer description and analysis of the 2008 Berkeley Patent Survey, summarizing the responses of 1,332 U.S.-based technology startups in the biotechnology, medical device, IT hardware, software, and Internet sectors. We discover that holding patents is more widespread among technology startups than has been previously reported, but that the patterns and drivers of holding patents are industry and context specific. Surprisingly, startup executives report in general that patents are providing relatively weak incentives for core activities in the innovation process. Our analysis uncovers that the drivers of startup patenting are often associated with capturing competitive advantage, and the associated goals of preventing technology copying, securing financing, and enhancing reputation - although again these and other motives depend on firm and industry factors. We also find substantial differences in the roles played by patents for startups in the biotechnology and medical device sectors - where patents are more commonly used and considered important - as compared to those operating in the software and Internet fields - where they are less useful. Interestingly, venture-backed IT hardware startups tend to resemble those in health-related fields in terms of their use of and motives for patenting. We generally find a wide disparity between the patenting behavior of venture-backed technology startups and those that are not funded with venture capital. We also discover that, when choosing not to patent major innovations, startups often cite to cost considerations, although again the motives to forgo patenting differ according to firm and industry characteristics. The respondents to our survey also generally report that checking the patent literature and licensing patents from others is reasonably common, although there too results differ according to the context. Other findings are discussed.

The rate of Black entrepreneurship has remained relatively unchanged for nearly a century, and it is one third that of White. Black entrepreneurship research has traditionally focused on the entrepreneur and the entrepreneur's circumstances, such as access to capital, education, family structure, and human capital. Conversely, very little attention has been given to the impact of consumer perceptions on the rate of Black entrepreneurship. This dissertation focused on examining consumer perceptions related to Black entrepreneurship. Past research suggests that consumers patronize businesses that they perceive as legitimate and toward which they have favorable attitudes. Consumer attitudes and legitimacy perceptions are especially important to ethnic enclave entrepreneurs, who rely heavily on co-ethnic patronage. The present research study explored whether Black and White consumers have perceptual differences of Black-owned or White-owned businesses, and whether these differences vary by respondent's area of residence. Using a multi-disciplinary theoretical framework, a cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 846 randomly selected respondents participated voluntarily and completed an anonymous survey questionnaire that measured consumer perceptions of Black and White start-up entrepreneurs. Respondents included Blacks in predominantly Black and predominantly White neighborhoods, and Whites in predominantly White and predominantly Black neighborhoods. Regression analyses were used to analyze relationships between key variables and t-test analyses were used to determine if there were significant differences between groups of respondents with respect to perceptions of legitimacy, attitudes, self-esteem, and patronage. This study provides empirical evidence that there are relationships between consumer attitudes, perceptions of legitimacy, and intended patronage for new entrepreneurial startups. This study found significant differences based on race/ethnicity and neighborhood type. The findings suggest that while limited factors determine patronage for Black entrepreneurs, multiple factors predict patronage for White entrepreneurs. Following a discussion of the results, implications for practice and future research directions are offered.