How Does Mindfulness Build Resilience? The Mediating Role of Hope

Background: To explore the effect of high-quality nursing model based on hope theory in endometrial cancer patients. Methods: The patients (n = 120) with endometrial cancer who underwent surgical treatment in hospital from October 2017 to October 2019 were divided into the study group and control group using the random number table method. The patients received usual care in the control group, and received high-quality nursing based on hope theory in the study group. Then, the degree of pain, fatigue, anxiety and depression were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS), chronic pain self-efficacy scale (CPSS), cancer fatigue scale (RPFS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS). The hope level and coping style were assessed using Herth hope scale (HHI) and summary coping style questionnaire (SCSQ). The quality of life was assessed using Medical Outcomes Study item short from health survey (SF-36). Moreover, nursing satisfaction was compared using homemade questionnaire. Results: The results showed that VAS score, RPFS score, SDS score and passive coping score of SCSQ questionnaire in the study group were lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). CPSS score, HHI score, positive coping score of SCSQ questionnaire, nursing satisfaction and SF-36 scores in all dimensions in the study group were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Discussion: The high-quality nursing model based on hope theory could ameliorate patients’ pain and fatigue, enhance their self-efficacy, guide patients to face problems positively, improve their life quality and hope level. Conclusion: It has higher nursing satisfaction in endometrial cancer.

To study the effect of nursing intervention derived from Snyder's hope theory in individuals with spinal cord injury. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 80 patients with spinal cord injury who were admitted to General Hospital of Pingxiang Mining Group Co., from August 2021 to October 2023. According to different nursing methods, they were assigned into a control group (n = 40, routine curative care) and an observation group (n = 40, routine curative care plus nursing intervention derived from Snyder's hope theory). The two groups were compared in terms of emotional state, level of hope, living standard, occurrence of complications, and nursing satisfaction. According to the occurrence of complications after nursing, the patients were divided into a good prognosis group and a poor prognosis group, and the influencing factors for prognosis were analyzed by univariate analysis and logistic multivariate analysis. After nursing, the anxiety and depression scores decreased in both groups when compared to their pre-nursing scores, with lower scores in the observation group than in the controls (P<0.05). Also, the observation group exhibited significantly higher score of hope, higher score of quality of life, and lower occurrence of complications when compared to the control group (P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction rate in the observation group was 95.00% (38/40), which was noticeably greater than 65.00% (26/40) in the control group (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that nursing methods (P = 0.007, OR = 7.828, 95% CI: 1.766-34.688) and HB after intervention (P = 0.029, OR = 0.965, 95% CI: 0.935-0.996) were the influencing factors of complications after nursing intervention in patients with SCI. The implementation of nursing intervention derived from Snyder's hope theory can decrease the anxiety and depression levels, lower the occurrence of complications, enhance the hope level, increase the satisfaction rate, and improve the overall quality of life in patients with spinal cord injury.

Perceived control and health are closely interrelated in adulthood and old age. However, less is known regarding the differential implications of 2 facets of perceived control, constraints and mastery, for mental and physical health. Furthermore, a limitation of previous research testing the pathways linking perceived control to mental and physical health is that mediation was tested with cross-sectional designs and not in a longitudinal mediation design that accounts for temporal ordering and prior confounds. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; n = 7,612, M age = 68, SD = 10.66; 59% women) we examined the effect of constraints and mastery on 4-year changes in mental and physical health and whether physical activity mediated such effects in a longitudinal mediation design. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we modeled the 2-factor structure of perceived control that consisted of constraints and mastery. In our longitudinal mediation model, where we accounted for possible confounders (e.g., age, gender, education, neuroticism, conscientiousness, memory, and health conditions), constraints showed a stronger total effect on mental and physical health, than mastery, such that more constraints were associated with 4-year declines in mental and physical health. Physical activity did not mediate the effect of constraints and mastery on mental and physical health (indirect effect). To demonstrate the importance of a longitudinal mediation model that accounts for confounders, we also estimated the mediated effect using 2 models commonly used in the literature: cross-sectional mediation model and longitudinal mediation model without accounting for confounders. These mediation models indicated a spurious indirect effect that cannot be causally interpreted. Our results showcase that constraints and mastery have differential implications for mental and physical health, as well as how a longitudinal mediation design can illustrate (or not) pathways in developmental processes. Our discussion focuses on the conceptual and methodological implications of a 2 facet model of perceived control and the strengths of longitudinal mediation designs for testing conceptual models of human development.

Objective To explore the effect of hope theory on anxiety , depression, and hope index in the patients with early Alzheimer＇s disease.Methods Thirty-five patients with early Alzheimer＇s disease were randomly divided into the observation group （n=18） and the control group （n=17）, both groups received conventional admission introduction, treatment, nursing and health education, and the observation group additionally received interventions based on hope theory .The anxiety, depression and changes in hope index were evaluated by Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）, Self-rating depression scale （SDS） and Herth Hope Index （HHI）.Results The scores of HHI were respectively （26.37 ±4.29）, （31.78 ±5.39）, （38.64 ±6.33） in the observation group before intervention , one and three months after intervention , and were （26.65 ±5.12）, （30.12 ±6.37）, （32.71 ±7.29） in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant between two group before and after intervention （F=6.95, 4.32, respectively;P〈0.05）;no significant difference was found between two groups before intervention （P〉0.05）; the significant differences were found between two groups one and three months after intervention （ t =1.96, 4.62 respectively; P 〈0.05）.No significant difference was found in the scores of SAS and SDS between two groups before intervention （ P〉0.05）; the significant difference was found between two groups one month after intervention （P〈0.05）.The scores of SAS and SDS were respectively （41.3 ±13.8）, （46.3 ±10.8） in the observation group three month after intervention , and were lower than those of the control group , and the differences were statistically significant （t=7.26, 3.97,respectively;P〈0.05）.Conclusions Hope theory used in nursing measures can improve the hope index in patients with early Alzheimer ＇s disease, release the anxiety and depression , and improve their quality of life. Key words: Alzheimer＇ s disease; Hope theory; Anxiety; Depression; Hope index

As a major public health issue, chronic loneliness has been associated with increased mortality and impaired physical and mental health. The proposed model by Cacioppo and Hawkley (Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(10), 447–454, 2009) pictures the emergence and maintenance of chronic loneliness as a vicious cycle containing cognitive and behavioral aspects. As a potential source of resilience, self-esteem has been shown to have buffering effects on loneliness. This study aimed to investigate the central relationships between the components within the regulatory loop of loneliness and the potential buffering effect of self-esteem. In this study, a community sample of 436 adult participants completed measures of loneliness, interpretation bias in social situations, social avoidance behavior, self-esteem, and important covariates (including depressive and social anxiety symptoms and social network size). First, we tested bivariant correlations. Subsequently, we tested three mediation models representing the regulatory loop of loneliness. Lastly, we tested moderated mediation models with self-esteem as a moderator. Loneliness was positively associated with interpretation bias and social avoidance and negatively with self-esteem. Indirect effects in all three mediation models testing the regulatory loop were positive and strongly significant. Self-esteem was a significant moderator in the mediation models, with higher levels of self-esteem attenuating the indirect effect of loneliness on interpretation bias. These effects held even when controlled for relevant covariates, such as depressive and social anxiety symptoms. This study gives preliminary empirical support for the proposed model of chronic loneliness by Cacioppo and Hawkley (Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(10), 447–454, 2009) and the potential buffering effect of self-esteem. Hence, our results support the notion of addressing maladaptive social cognitions and maladaptive social behavior to effectively reduce chronic loneliness and strengthen self-esteem as a protective factor.

This study aimed to determine the mediation role of hope in the relationship of resilience with depression, anxiety, and stress in caregivers of children and adolescents with cancer. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 caregivers of children and adolescents with cancer. Adult Hope Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DAS) scales were used for data collection. The mediator and moderator model was tested using the SPSS macro PROCESS (Model 4, and 5). The mediator model (model 4) indicated that DAS significantly correlated with resilience (β = − 0.54, t-value = − 5.01, p < 0.001), and hope (β = − 0.84, t-value = − 3.45, p = 0.0007). Hope mediated the relationship between resilience and DAS among caregivers of children and adolescents with cancer (Effect = − 0.18, SE = 0.06, 95% CI − 0.33 to − 0.06). The mediator and moderator model (model 5) showed that female caregivers had a stronger correlation between resilience and DAS when compared to their male counterparts (β = − 0.56, t-value = − 3.90, p-value = 0.0001); also, hope mediated the relationship between resilience and DAS among caregivers of children and adolescents with cancer (Effect = − 0.20, SE = 0.08, 95% CI − 0.37 to − 0.04). In conclusion, hope was a mediator, and female caregivers were a moderator in the relationship of resilience with depression, anxiety, and stress, and its promotion might be effective among caregivers of children and adolescents with cancer. It seems that resilience, female caregivers, and hope may provide good protection against depression, anxiety, and stress in caregivers of cancer patients.

Objective: To explore the application effect of self-management based on Snyder’s hope theory in diabetic patients. Methods: A total of 260 patients with diabetes from a community were selected through convenient sampling and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group using the random number table method, with 130 cases in each group. Five cases were lost in the experimental group, resulting in 125 effective cases, while all 130 cases in the control group were effective. The control group received standard lectures on diabetes self-management behavior and traditional approaches, such as the distribution of educational manuals. The experimental group underwent a self-management behavior intervention program for diabetic patients based on Snyder’s hope theory model, encompassing three components: goals, pathways, and motivational thinking. The levels of hope and self-management behavior were compared between the two groups. Results: After the intervention, the scores for hope levels and self-management behaviors in both groups were significantly higher than those recorded before the intervention (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the hope level and self-management behavior scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The application of Snyder’s hope theory model in diabetic patients demonstrates significant benefits, improving patients’ hope levels and, consequently, enhancing their self-management behaviors.

This research examined the effectiveness of a modified 5-week intervention, the “Raising Hope Programme” to enhance hope levels and well-being in Year 7 students following their transition to secondary school. It included a sample of 42 Caucasian students from a community school, 21 of whom participated in the cognitive-behavioural, solution focused intervention and a comparison sample of 21 students who did not take part. The research employed a mixed-method approach to examine changes in students’ levels of hope and well-being immediately post-intervention and several months later. The programme also examined the role that student’s attributions played in being associated with students’ levels of hope and well-being. Findings indicated that staff rated students as showing significantly lower levels of Total Difficulties Scores after taking part in the Raising Hope Programme, but students’ ratings indicate they continued to experience significantly lower levels of hope than the comparison group. Findings revealed a trend for students’ levels of hope in the entire cohort to improve over time, especially by the follow-up session. There was a significant improvement in students’ pathways scores over time, although this remained significantly lower in the intervention group. Students felt the participation in the intervention had helped them a lot with goal setting and attainment, identifying barriers and strategies to overcome them. There were significant associations over time between students’ levels of hope and subjective well-being, including positive links with levels of happiness, positive affect and life satisfaction. Findings are explained using “Hope Theory”. All students reported that they would recommend participation in the modified “Raising Hope Programme” to peers.

To assess the impact of Snyder's hope theory-guided nursing care combined with continuity of care on postoperative individuals with glioma undergoing chemotherapy. 112 patients with glioma receiving postoperative chemotherapy were randomly assigned to control and observation groups. The control group received routine nursing whereas the observation group received additional care based on Snyder's hope theory, combined with continuous nursing. Negative emotions, self-care agency, cancer-related fatigue, hope levels, quality of life, adverse reactions, and nursing satisfaction were compared between the groups. The observation group showed significantly lower anxiety and depression (p < 0.05) and higher self-care advocacy, hope levels, and quality of life than the control group (p < 0.05). Fatigue and the incidence of adverse reactions were significantly lower in the observation group (p < 0.05). Nursing satisfaction in the observation group was significantly higher. Snyder's hope theory-guided nursing care with continuity of care improves psychological well-being, self-care agency, and quality of life, and reduces fatigue and side effects among individuals with glioma undergoing chemotherapy.

Parental emotional warmth plays a prominent role in adolescents’ hope, but few studies have examined the underlying mechanism between parental emotional warmth and hope in rural adolescents, or have compared the gender differences in the mediation models between parental emotional warmth and hope. Based on the developmental contextualism theory and Bernardo’s hope theory, this study examined the sequential mediating effect of perceived social support and prosocial behavior between parental emotional warmth and hope and test the gender differences between them. Seventeen hundred and one rural adolescents were surveyed with the Short-Form Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (s-EMBU-C), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Prosocial Tendency Measure (PTM), and Hope Scale (HS). Correlation analysis showed that there were positive correlations between parental emotional warmth, perceived social support, prosocial behavior, and hope. The structural equation model showed that parental emotional warmth indirectly affected hope through the separate and sequential mediation of perceived social support and prosocial behavior. Multi-group analysis showed that boys were significantly higher than girls in the relationship between perceived social support and prosocial behavior. The results emphasized that improving parental emotional warmth, perceived social support, and encouraging rural adolescents’ prosocial behavior could effectively promote their hope.

BackgroundIn the past decade, patient-accessible electronic health record (PAEHR) systems have emerged as an important tool for health management both at the hospital level and individual level. However, little is known about the effects of PAEHR portals on the survivorship of patients with chronic health conditions (eg, cancer).ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the effects of the use of PAEHR portals on cancer survivors’ health outcomes and to examine the mediation pathways through patient-centered communication (PCC) and health self-efficacy.MethodsData for this study were derived from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5, Cycle 4) collected from February 2020 to June 2020. This study only involved respondents who reported having been diagnosed with cancer (N=626). Descriptive analyses were performed, and the mediation models were tested using Model 6 from the SPSS macro PROCESS. Statistically significant relationships among PAEHR portal use, PCC, health self-efficacy, and physical and psychological health were examined using bootstrapping procedures. In this study, we referred to the regression coefficients generated by min-max normalization as percentage coefficients (bp). The 95% bootstrapped CIs were used with 10,000 resamplings.ResultsNo positive direct associations between PAEHR portal use and cancer survivors’ health outcomes were found. The results supported the indirect relationship between PAEHR portal use and cancer survivors’ psychological health via (1) PCC (bp=0.029; β=.023, 95% CI .009-.054), and (2) PCC and health self-efficacy in sequence (bp=0.006; β=.005, 95% CI .002-.014). Besides, the indirect association between PAEHR portal use and cancer survivors’ physical health (bp=0.006; β=.004, 95% CI .002-.018) via sequential mediators of PCC and health self-efficacy was also statistically acknowledged.ConclusionsThis study offers empirical evidence about the significant role of PAEHR portals in delivering PCC, improving health self-efficacy, and ultimately contributing to cancer survivors’ physical and psychological health.

BackgroundSmartphone use disorder (SUD) of college students has drawn increasing attention. Although future time perspective (FTP) may be an important protective factor for individual SUD, the moderating and mediating mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unknown. We tested the individual roles of depression and mindfulness as moderators of this relationship.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in two colleges in Shandong and Chongqing in China using a sample of 1304 college students recruited by stratified cluster sampling. Data were collected through a validated self-report instrument. A moderation–mediation model was constructed, and an SPSS PROCESS macro was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe correlation analyses showed that FTP was negatively associated with SUD of college students. The mediation model revealed that depression partially mediated the link between FTP and SUD of college students. The moderation–mediation model suggested that mindfulness moderates two direct paths: FTP to depression and depression to SUD. In the first path (FTP to depression), a high level of mindfulness among college students had weakened the relationship between FTP and depression. Here, the relationship is strengthened by a low level of mindfulness. In the second path (depression to SUD), low levels of mindfulness strengthen the link between depression and FTP. In contrast, significant association was not found with high levels of mindfulness.ConclusionsResults suggest that interventions, such as improving the individual level of FTP and mindfulness, should be conducted. These interventions, in turn, help control the level of depression in college students and ultimately decrease their level of SUD.

BackgroundWomen experience unique dynamics in health and Quality of Life (QoL) due to biological, psychological, and social factors. These dynamics necessitate a comprehensive examination of the indirect effects of Diet Quality (DQ) on Mental and Physical well-being through Body Mass Index (BMI). This study aims to elucidate the indirect pathways through which DQ influences mental and physical well-being, with a particular focus on the mediating role of BMI.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted with women (n = 985) aged 19–64 years. Anthropometric measurements and 24-Hour Dietary Recall (24HDR) data were collected. QoL was assessed using the Short Form-36 (SF-36), which comprises two primary subdimensions: (1) Mental Well-being, represented by the Mental Component Summary (MCS), and (2) Physical Well-being, represented by the Physical Component Summary (PCS). The Nutrient-Based Diet Quality Index (NBDQ) and Carbohydrate-to-Fibre Ratio (CHO-FBR) were calculated from 24HDR data to evaluate DQ. Two mediation models were employed. Model 1 examined the indirect effects of NBDQ on Mental and Physical well-being through BMI, with age as a confounder. Model 2 assessed the indirect effects of CHO-FBR on Mental and Physical well-being through BMI, also considering age as a confounder.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 31.68 ± 11.95 years. No significant differences were found in educational attainment across DQ quartiles (p = 0.228). Younger women (19–24 years) were more prevalent in lower DQ quartiles, while older women (45–64 years) showed higher DQ scores (p = 0.001). Women with spouses had higher DQ (p = 0.007). MCS score improved with a better NBDQ (p = 0.033), although PCS score did not show significant difference ( p = 0.607). Mediation analysis revealed that NBDQ was significantly associated with MCS (β = 0.169, p = 0.004) but not with BMI (β = 0.004, p = 0.568). Aditionally, NBDQ showed a non-significant relationship with PCS (β = -0.022, p = 0.505).ConclusionImproving DQ can enhance mental well-being (MCS), particularly among older women and those with spouses, while no impact was found on physical well-being (PCS). Since BMI did not mediate these effects and CHO-FBR showed no significant associations, nutritional strategies should prioritize DQ alongside age and social dynamics to effectively enhance women’s QoL.

Hope is defined as the perceived capability to derive pathways to desired goals, and motivate oneself via agency thinking to use those pathways. The adult and child hope scales that are derived from hope theory are described. Hope theory is compared to theories of learned optimism, optimism, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Higher hope consistently is related to better outcomes in academics, athletics, physical health, psychological adjustment, and psychotherapy. Processes that lessen hope in children and adults are reviewed. Using the hope theory definition, no evidence is found for "false" hope. Future research is encouraged in regard to accurately enhancing hope in medical feedback and helping people to pursue those goals for which they are best suited.

Activating creative behaviour of academic knowledge workers in selected public universities in Uganda: The role of hope