How Do Inland Provinces Participate in China's International Economic Cooperation? A Case Study of Hunan's Approach to Africa

Although scholars have emphasized the significant role of China’s local governments in international economic cooperation, how exactly do they persuade the central government when their objectives diverge has not yet been studied. This article attempts to fill this gap by examining how local governments persuade the central government to achieve their goals. By the case of Yunnan’s cooperation with Thailand on the construction of a hydropower station, this article proposes a ‘local alliance’ model. It argues that some local governments gain autonomy in central-local interactions by establishing ‘local alliances’ with local companies and foreign partners. This article aims to broaden our understanding of the role of local governments in international economic cooperation from the perspective of central-local relations.

Affected by the COVID-19, the global industrial chain supply chain will show a certain degree of contraction in the future for a long period of time, so international and regional economic cooperation will become more important. Under the "the Belt and Road" initiative, the construction of the economic cooperation mechanism between China and Uzbekistan has good conditions, but also faces various problems, including the differences in the economic systems of the two countries, how Uzbekistan formulates development strategies in the new period and improves its infrastructure. The problems faced by China and Uzbekistan in the construction of their economic cooperation mechanism should be solved under the framework of the "the Belt and Road" international economic cooperation. The construction of their trade cooperation mechanism can also be strengthened by increasing exports to China and improving the trade structure. The docking with the Eurasian Economic Union and other multilateral and bilateral cooperation mechanisms should also be strengthened. This typical case provides enlightenment on how to strengthen the construction of international economic cooperation mechanism under the framework of the "the Belt and Road".

China’s dynamic changes in international trade and international economic cooperation have significantly impacted on its rapid domestic economic development, both industrial development and rural enterprise development. Developing countries have been increasingly the development trend of collaboration with multinational enterprises and seeking the investment of such enterprises. Application of informational technology to e-commercial business development is important in helping local rural enterprises and smallholder farmers to have more agribusiness opportunities in agro-industrial development and value chain of markets. China’s international economic cooperation has enhanced its international trade in free trade zones and economic cooperation with developing countries from Asia, Africa and Global South. Some developing nations have undertaken economic and agricultural transformation. International economic and business cooperation can faciliate the agricultural and economic transformation in developing countries.

The state of citizens’ political knowledge in shaping local governance interest formulation patterns has been identified as a vital mechanism in democratic systems for centuries. Nevertheless, political knowledge proficiencies remain remarkably scanty among ordinary citizens in the developing world, with significantly few studies directly engaging this local governance reality. The paper discusses how political knowledge influences the changing local interest determination dynamics to reinforce local governance functionality in Uganda. From a sample size of 99 respondents, the study used descriptive qualitative methods and techniques to collect data and analyze the responses. The study found out that notwithstanding institutional inconsistencies, local farmers were considerably more influential in local interest determination compared to politically erudite citizen groups. There were limited structures for citizen participation in decision-making processes, yet likewise found nascent progressive virtual platforms for local interests’ deliberations mostly based on digital and traditional media platforms. The nature of drivers which framed political knowledge were typically influenced by structural, political, economic and international dynamics. The study recommended that in order to address the local citizen participation constraints, profound local governance policy transformation interventions should be embarked on to reinforce local infrastructure, the local economy and expansion of education and the democratic space for civil society agencies’ operations.

At present, the international economic situation has undergone profound changes. With the globalization of economy, risks are also globalized. At present, regional integration or regionalization has become an important phenomenon in international political economy. The deepening of regional interdependence and the growth of globalization have promoted the expansion of regionalism political and economic perspectives. The "the Belt and Road Initiative (B&R)" strategy is an important decision made by China to adapt to the new normal of economy and face the weak pattern of world economy and trade. In the future, this strategy will be an important supporting point for China's stable, open and efficient economic growth. Based on the new situation of international regional economic cooperation, this paper puts forward an international regional economic decision-making model based on artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA), and discusses the selection method of parameters in the model, so as to study the international regional economic cooperation and its effects under the "B&R" strategy. In order to solve it easily, it is transformed linearly and a new model with smaller scale is obtained. The experimental results show that the international regional economic intelligent decision-making model based on AFSA has high stability. The results show the feasibility of the proposed method. The research results have certain theoretical and practical significance for analyzing international political and economic issues, and have certain reference value for international and regional economic cooperation.

Abstract: This article draws attention to the nature of the political process promoting economic interdependence among the regions surrounding the Japan Sea. At least in the case of Japan, the process is being carried forward by local authorities (prefectural and municipal governments) and other local actors. To explain this local initiative in international economic cooperation, the article refers to international systemic factors, such as the end of the cold war and globalization, as well as to national factors, i.e., the inability of Tokyo to meet the development demands of localities in the Japan Sea prefectures. At any rate, local initiative, and the gradual progress being made in this economic cooperation process, are at variance with the normal facts associated with Japan’s economic cooperation activity in the postwar period. Economic cooperation has been dominated by the agendas of the central government bureaucracies and big businesses based in Tokyo. The article raises the possibility that what we see in Japan Sea cooperation may be the leading edge of change: the emergence of a new level of cooperation activity where local governments and regional interests set cooperation agendas in dialog with their overseas counterparts. The article then explores some of the implications of such a development for current debates in international relations and comparative politics.

The paper based on the Soviet documents previously not included in scientific circulation and little-known American documents focuses on the evolution of the Soviet Government's position in relation to USSR participation in the International Monetary Fund in 1943-1946. The present study is intended not only to close the significant gap in the domestic and foreign historiography, but also to reveal the true attitude of the Soviet government to international economic cooperation, greatly distorted in the 1950s-1980s by both Soviet and Western propaganda. Stemming from principles of historicism and scientific objectivity, having carefully analyzed Soviet documents and compared them with those of the U.S., the author concludes that in the initial phase of post-war international economic and trade cooperation the Soviet government attached great importance to the participation of the Soviet Union in the formulation of the principles of this cooperation and was ready to make significant concessions for the opportunity to work on the formation of international economic policy and maintain the image of an influential actor in the international arena. However, in the autumn of 1945 the Soviet government's position began to change due to the multiplicity of reasons of exclusively political nature. In particular, the Soviet Union was drawn into a big economic and political game between Washington and London, which resulted in false premises for all Soviet representations of participation in international economic cooperation in late 1945 and early 1946 and, consequently, all decision taken by the Soviet leadership. This fact has become one of the key reasons for the refusal of the USSR to join the IMF in that period.

n 1947 residents in the northern wards of Jefferson Township in Allegheny County voted, subject to court approval, to secede from the township in a bid to create a more responsive government. The resulting court approval allowed the Borough of Pleasant Hills to incorporate. Pleasant Hills became another element of local government in a county already fragmented by local governments. Incorporating a new borough raises several questions. Why was it necessary to form another borough in a county with a number of boroughs already? What would the citizens of the new borough gain? Where do boroughs fit in the structures of local government in Pennsylvania? This article will endeavor to answer these questions. The scholarship on boroughs in Pennsylvania is limited. There are studies on the historical and political aspects of Pennsylvania’s boroughs, but little describing the process and reasons leading to their formation. 1 Boroughs have a long history in Pennsylvania, beginning with the incorporation of Germantown in 1691 and continuing until the present day.

Jeffrey Hahn examines the degree to which citizens who are elected to local government in the USSR can successfully represent the interests of those who elected them. More specifically, how effectively do the mechanisms available for citizen participation in local government work in practice? What can elected deputies do to respond to the expressed needs and preferences of their constituents? Basing his conclusions on interviews with local deputies, observations of local soviets at work, and the analysis of a wide range of primary source material, the author finds that Soviet citizens do have some chances to participate meaningfully in local government and that a basis exists for the continued expansion of such participation. The elected deputy can and occasionally does play an active role as an ombudsman for those who choose to use opportunities for citizen input. Soviet Grassroots not only contributes to our empirical knowledge of political participation in the USSR but also provides a basis for speculation about the nature of political change in the Soviet system. If opportunities for effective participation in local government do exist, and they can be shown to have grown over time, then one precondition for the emergence of a civic culture in Soviet society already exists. Originally published in 1988. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

I European monetary integration.- The relationship between economic, monetary and political integration.- Pros and cons of a two-speed monetary integration.- Central bank and government.- European exchange rate cooperation.- The economic and monetary relation between Germany and the Netherlands.- The Exhange Rate Mechanism after the Basle/Nyborg Agreement.- The importance of monetary targeting in the Economic and Monetary Union.- European monetary policy coordination.- Economic policy coordination and the role of fiscal targets.- The Monetary Committee as a promoter of European integration.- The Committee of Governors as a forum for European central bank cooperation.- Techniques for stability.- Europe in flux.- Financial relations between the Netherlands and Belgium: 1943 to 1993.- The integration of former Eastern Bloc countries into Europe.- II The international monetary system.- The merits of stable exchange rates.- Turbulence in the foreign exchange markets: old and new lessons.- Macro-economic performance and the international monetary system.- National financial liberalisation and international economic cooperation.- International adjustment and finance since Bretton Woods.- Half a century after Bretton Woods: the role of the IMF in the international monetary system.- The contribution of the IMF to exchange rate stability: efforts in monetary diplomacy.- The OECD and international economic cooperation.- Prudential supervision: a central bank function?.- Payment systems and central banks.- A post-mortem of the debt crisis.- The Dutch attitude towards capital liberalization.- Annex.- List of contributors.- Bibliography of Andre Szasz.

ABSTRACTThe well-established importance of citizen participation in local and community governance raises a number of problems, foremost of which has been the reduced level of citizens’ involvement and engagement in developing countries. Our study aims at exploring the factors that impact citizen participation in two local government units (LGUs) in the Philippines. We propose the models of LGU participation and regular attendance in meetings based on the regression results of our study and present policy implications and insights essential in designing strategies for a higher level of LGU constituents’ attendance in meetings and participation in local governance matters.

PurposeRecent research has drawn attention to the tension between the Central and local governments in China regarding their roles in environmental protection. This paper aims to explore this tension and examine the extent to which local/provincial government’s environmental oversight has influenced the quality of corporate environmental disclosure in China.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 198 listed companies in heavily polluting industries were selected to examine the relationship between their environmental disclosure quality and the respective local government’s environmental oversight level.FindingsThe results provide evidence that local/provincial government’s environmental oversight significantly influences environmental disclosure in China. Despite the coercive pressure from the powerful Central government on corporate environmental disclosure, local/provincial governments are able to buffer the pressure and adjust the intensity of their environmental oversight on companies during the implementation of central policies to retain local economic and political interests. This may partially explain the persistent issue of low environmental disclosure quality in China.Research limitations/implicationsThis study enriches our understanding of the significant role of local governments in China in enhancing or sometimes discounting the regulatory enforcement of the Central government on corporate environmental disclosure, pointing to the need for concerted efforts by both local and Central governments to advance environmental disclosure development.Originality/valueResearch on environmental disclosure in developed countries has been well established in the literature. However, such research in developing nations is still limited, especially in China, the world largest developing country. The existing literature on environmental disclosure in China links it with either market demands, or regulatory enforcement from the Central government. The importance of local/provincial governments and their environmental oversight has long been ignored, which motivates this research.

Journal Article Can nations agree? Issues in international economic cooperation Get access Can nations agree? Issues in international economic cooperation. By Richard N. Cooperet al. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. 1989. 305pp. Index. $32.95. ISBN 0 8157 1178 6. Peter B. Kenen Peter B. Kenen 1Princeton University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 66, Issue 2, April 1990, Pages 377–378, https://doi.org/10.2307/2621381 Published: 01 April 1990

The Constitution of South Africa is underpinned by the standards of good administration, featuring the significance of open interest as a basic component of an effective local administration, with respect to subject inclusion in a "local government" organization. The interest of citizens to participate in local government issues is viewed as having a noteworthy ramification on democratizing administration conveyance beyond simply delegate government, by having people and community as focal role players all the while. In South Africa, the need for the community to participate in local government administration offers a more prominent control of the underprivileged over their own circumstance and guarantees their full inclusion in deciding their very own formative needs. Along these lines, districts must assume a noteworthy job in advancing the majority rules system of democracy and guaranteeing that the community takes an interest in choices that influence them specifically. This study contends that regardless of its perplexing structures, obstructions, and serious administrative difficulties, citizens’ interest stay vital to the accomplishment of local government administration conveyance. The idea of community support as an indispensable factor for a fruitful government and delivery of good administration in the local circle was examined in this paper. The possibility of community interest in South Africa was bolstered by the declaration of different administrative structures which supported the contribution of individuals in local administration and strategy making. For instance, the White Paper on Local Government (1998) a qualitative analysis method was adopted by this study and the rational model was applied to place things in the correct points of view.

The Marxist cooperation theory is not much reflected upon, but the international economic cooperation is increasing against the background of economic globalization. The question arises of how a socialist country, like China, seeks to develop in a capitalist economic system through international economic cooperation? This chapter is guided by the Marxist theory of international cooperation. Economic globalization is analyzed on the basis of Marxist views against the backdrop of international economic cooperation. Regarding Marxism as a guideline, we assessed the conditions, constraints and realistic choices of China’s regional energy cooperation by drawing conclusions from the analysis paradigm. Finally, we deducted that China should build a system to promote the realization of a new type of regional energy cooperation mechanism.