Abstract
To examine the difference between early-onset (with early-onset CDD (mean age = 7.6 years, SD = 3.8; 6 males) were compared with 92 age and gender-ratio comparable children with ADSL (mean age = 6.8 years, SD = 4.1; 70 males) on 24 variables not directly related to the key features of CDD (regression after normal development for at least the first 2 years after birth). Compared with the ADSL group, the early-onset CDD group had a tendency to have a higher rate of a psychosocial event before speech loss (SL) (early-onset CDD, 75.0% vs ADSL, 37.0%, p = 0.057; effect size (phi) = 0.211, p 0.050; phi = 0.271, p rate of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale-Tokyo Version (CARS-TV) total score ≥ 30 (75.0% vs 95.7%, p = 0.072; phi = 0.236, p ity of the 24 variables between the two groups support integrating CDD into regressive autism spectrum disorder and studying CDD as its prototypical form.
Highlights
Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD) originates from Dementia infantilis first reported by Heller [1] in 1908 in six infants who had displayed profound mental regression during the third and fourth years of life
To examine the difference between early-onset (< age 3) childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD) and autistic disorder with speech loss (ADSL), 8 children with early-onset CDD were compared with 92 age and gender-ratio comparable children with ADSL on 24 variables not directly related to the key features of CDD
Studies on CDD are scarce due to its rarity, CDD is validated to a certain extent for its less favorable outcomes in childhood [5], adolescence, and adulthood [6,7], and in its higher incidence of epilepsy in childhood [8], compared with autistic disorder (AD)
Summary
Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD) originates from Dementia infantilis first reported by Heller [1] in 1908 in six infants who had displayed profound mental regression during the third and fourth years of life. Studies on CDD are scarce due to its rarity (i.e. an estimated prevalence of 2.0/ 100,000 [4]), CDD is validated to a certain extent for its less favorable outcomes in childhood [5], adolescence, and adulthood [6,7], and in its higher incidence of epilepsy in childhood [8], compared with autistic disorder (AD). Twenty-two of 57 (38.6%) CDD cases in 14 studies [5,6,8,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21] published in the last 25 years are early-onset, while 20% to 40% of AD cases display regression [22,23,24,25,26]
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