Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs in patients with chronic liver damage, inflammation and cirrhosis. The facilitators involved in increasing the HCC risk in the damaged liver are yet to be discovered. Diet and lifestyle have a profound effect on the liver inflammation and HCC. The term “gut liver axis” describes the bidirectional relationship between the liver and the gut, which are both anatomically and functionally related. Chronic liver damage is characterised by increased intestinal permeability that allows the translocation of various components and metabolites from the gut microbiota to the liver, resulting in liver inflammation and fibrosis. In this review, we discuss how diet-induced changes in gut microbiome composition, such as lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid, and its metabolites, such as bile acids, play a role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and HCC.
Highlights
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary cancer in adults representing third of all cancer-related deaths [1]
Continuous damage to the liver can lead to further transportation of bacterial components, which is characteristic of chronic liver disease (CLD) and contributes to cirrhosis and HCC
The latter is defined as a twofold surge of the circulating levels of bacterial endotoxins generated in the gut, such as Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [33]
Summary
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary cancer in adults representing third of all cancer-related deaths [1]. Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), inflammation and cirrhosis have an 80% risk to develop HCC. The notion that cirrhosis positively correlates with intestinal dysbiosis was proposed by Sherlock and his team in the 1950s. They reported that there was an overload of coliform bacteria in the ileum of cirrhotic patients [4]. Due to the lack of comprehensive and prospective studies on chronic liver injury in humans, we have underestimated the contribution of inflammatory pathways induced from gut microbial components to HCC. The present review discusses how dietary patterns affect the liver-gut axis relationship through microbial alterations in the chronically inflamed liver and HCC development
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
