Abstract
The interactions between animals and their commensal microbes profoundly influence the host's physiology. In the last decade, Drosophila melanogaster has been extensively used as a model to study host-commensal microbes interactions. Here, we review the most recent advances in this field. We focus on studies that extend our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of commensal microbes on Drosophila's development and lifespan. We emphasize how commensal microbes influence nutrition and the intestinal epithelium homeostasis; how they elicit immune tolerance mechanisms and how these physiological processes are interconnected. Finally, we discuss the importance of diets and microbial strains and show how they can be confounding factors of microbe mediated host phenotypes.
Highlights
The gut microbiota comprises all the micro-organisms present in the intestine of an animal
This approach was recently deployed in a more systematic manner: Consuegra et al removed each individual component of the HD one after another, and assessed whether the impact on larval growth due to each drop-out could be compensated by growth-promoting strains of either A. pomorum or Lactobacillus plantarum, two bacteria frequently found in the wild and in laboratory fly stocks
A parallel can be drawn between the effects of commensal microbes on lifespan and on development
Summary
The gut microbiota comprises all the micro-organisms present in the intestine of an animal. Saninno et al established that Acetobacter pomorum and Acetobacter tropicalis strains can provide thiamine (vitamin B1) to the Drosophila larva [21] This approach was recently deployed in a more systematic manner: Consuegra et al removed each individual component of the HD one after another, and assessed whether the impact on larval growth due to each drop-out could be compensated by growth-promoting strains of either A. pomorum or Lactobacillus plantarum ( reclassified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum [22]), two bacteria frequently found in the wild and in laboratory fly stocks. Kamareddine et al reported that acetate produced by commensal bacteria from the Acetobacter genus can stimulate the Immune Deficiency (IMD) pathway in a subpopulation of gut cells: the entero-endocrine cells (EE cells) expressing the neuropeptide tachykinin (Tk)
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