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Abstract
This paper explores the perceived relationship between household poverty and forest dependence among the poorest residents neighboring Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda. Using the sustainable livelihoods framework, this paper examines the influence of household poverty on forest dependence. The findings reveal that food and health security risks are primary drivers of forest dependence. Education security risks however, were found to have an indirect influence. Both food and health security risks were found to have equal influence on forest dependence. The economic security risks traditionally believed to significantly influence forest dependence were not found to have a direct influence.
Highlights
The relationship between poverty and forest dependence has been explored extensively [1]-[13]
With the use of the household poverty and forest dependence (HPFD) Index grounded in the sustainable livelihoods (SL) framework, this study presents a unique opportunity to identify dimensions of household poverty among residents in proximity to Volcanoes National Park (VNP), from which effective forest dependence and biodiversity loss remedial actions can be proposed
A structural model with the significant relationships was run to identify how each of the indicators—food insecurity, health insecurity and education insecurity—directly affect forest dependence dimensions as well as their indirect effects on the individual measures of both forest dependence dimensions obtained from the HPFD index
Summary
The relationship between poverty and forest dependence has been explored extensively [1]-[13]. Evidence exists of knowledge gap and need for more identification of the links between poverty and forest dependence [7] [14]. This knowledge gap has been attributed to two main problems. Evidence exists that due to conceptualization complexities, the relationship between poverty and forest dependence must be systematically examined using robust and reliable techniques that can enable replication and comparison [10] [17]. As reference [16] suggests, many aspects of poverty are not captured by quantifiable income and consumption variables Overreliance on such quantifiable measures has led to only a partial understanding of the relationship between poverty and forest dependence. It has been posited that it is the unquantifiable measures of poverty that significantly drive forest dependence and biodiversity loss [2] [10]
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