Household Food Consumption and Poverty Reduction After Earthquakes: Evidence from Lombok

Achieving food security and ensuring the consumption of healthy, nutritious food, and/or balanced diets for most rural households continues to be a challenge. This poses a significant barrier to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1 (No Poverty) and 2 (Zero Hunger), disproportionately affecting rural communities and leaving fundamental human needs, such as reliable food access, unfulfilled. The current study, therefore, sought to assess the key drivers of household food security and consumption patterns in the post-COVID-19 pandemic. Primary data was collected from 165 randomly selected rural households to address the aim of the study. Descriptive analysis, Household Food Insecurity Experience Scale, and Multivariate binary logistic regression using Stata 15 software were employed to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics revealed variability in the consumption of various food groups, with starchy food (main staples and pulses) being the most consumed, followed by oil, meat or fish, sugar, vegetables, fruit, and milk (products). The results further indicated that households in these communities lack dietary diversification and balanced diets, with limited choice and reliance on affordable starchy foods. Notably, this monotonous diet regime has significant implications for micronutrient deficiencies, increased risk of chronic diseases, and compromised overall health and well-being, underscoring the need for targeted nutrition interventions to address the pervasive hunger and malnutrition in these communities. The main drivers of food insecurity in Umzimvubu and Ntabankulu municipalities are household income, monthly food expenditure, access to financial credit and the number of employed and unemployed household members. These factors, combined, significantly condition household food security status and consumption patterns across these rural areas. The study emphasizes the urgent need for targeted interventions to address the lack of formal qualifications, high unemployment and the high rate of food insecurity across these rural communities. Skill development, economic empowerment and financial inclusion for rural households are the most important strategic elements that should be considered when developing strategies to eradicate poverty and hunger. Households in rural areas should be enlightened about the importance of having and consuming balanced diets and the benefits of participating in farming. Key words: Food security, post-COVID-19, binary logistic regression, household food consumption

Many factors interact to shape household food security and consumption and these must be analyzed together to build understandings of how they interact in particular contexts. In the Sahelian context, we report on a study investigating how productive resources (access to capital, land, labor), livelihood choices, food cultural norms and location together affect household food consumption by 120 rural households in the provinces of Yatenga and Seno in Burkina Faso. These two provinces have quite different cultural and socioeconomic conditions. Data was generated from an initial interview focused on household resource access followed by monitoring of household food consumption using 24-h and 7-day recall interviews over 11 months. Grain consumption was estimated along with the frequency of milk, meat, vegetable, oil/fats, and fruit consumption. Food security is shaped by the pathways through which households gain access to food. Surveyed household report low levels of self provisioning of grain (averaging around 50% of need) with different seasonal patterns of grain purchases based on cash sources. Principal components analysis finds significant degree of co-variation of food consumption parameters. Regression analysis finds that disposable wealth and cultural norms against milk consumption are positively and negatively associated with food consumption, controlling for land and labor access. Location (province) and ethnic identity (related or not to Mossi culture) are found to be important factors affecting household proclivity and ability to manage livestock which in turn leads to greater consumption of animal products (milk and meat) and greater savings to mobilize during times of grain deficit.

Destructive impacts resulting from volcanic eruptions affect food production severely, leading to the deterioration of food access and food consumption. Thus, we spotted the urgency of researching food access, household food consumption, and nutritional status of children in Sinabung’s eruptions-prone areas, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 368 (158 farmers only and 228 farmers plus farm laborers) households headed by farmers. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Three indices were used for assessing the nutritional status of children namely weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ). Data on household food consumption were collected by using the food consumption score (FCS). The household food consumption among the two groups of farmers was significantly different. Farmers plus farm laborers had a slightly better variety of food since they could collect free vegetables and fruits from the fields where they were working as a farm laborers. Household food consumption was significantly associated with the nutritional status of children. But in the group of farmers-only, the correlation between household food consumption and underweight was not significantly associated. To improve food access and food consumption, the policymakers should provide information about other job opportunities (as an agricultural laborer on another farm) to the farmers, and help them to reach out to those jobs, especially during unpredictable circumstances like Sinabung’s eruptions.

An earthquake with 6.4 on the Richter scale that rocked Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara and parts of Bali on July 29, 2018, really attracted the attention of the public. Regarding coverage of natural disasters, the easiest alternative media to get access to information is online media. In fact, the public found that news through online media tended to ignore objectivity, such as elements of completeness, accuracy, fairness, neutrality just to get the publication fastly. The purposes of this study were first, to find out the objectivity of the news presented by Viva.co.id, Kompas.com, and Tribunnewsbali.com during the earthquake and post-earthquake disaster in Lombok from 29 July to 29 August 2018, and the second, to describe the roles of Viva.co.id, Kompas.com, and Tribunnewsbali.com in reporting the earthquake in Lombok during this period. The focus of online media content analysis is on the elements of objectivity, truth, factual, accuracy, complete and neutrality. The research method used is the content analysis method using a quantitative approach. The object of this research was the Lombok earthquake news reported by Viva.co.id, Kompas.com and Tribunnewsbali.com period July 29 to August 29, 2018. The results showed that Viva.co.id, Kompas.com and Tribunnewsbali.com prioritized sub-dimensions truth in upholding objectivity. Where the sub dimensions of truth are divided into three elements, those are factual, accuracy and complete. But Viva.co.id and Tribunnewsbali.com ignored the sub-dimensions of neutrality. While kompas.com didn’t ignore the sub-dimensions of neutrality. Even though the sub-dimensions of neutrality are part of the dimension of objectivity.

This article analyzes the effects of participation in nonfarm activities on farm households’ food consumption in rural Cambodia. An endogenous switching model is built on data from the Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey conducted in 2009 to evaluate whether rural farm households make food consumption gains from participation in such activities. This model accounts for selection bias resulting from unobserved factors that potentially affect both farm households’ decision to participate in nonfarm activities and food consumption. The model also controls for structural differences between participants in nonfarm activities and nonparticipants that most previous studies do not account for. The results suggest that by engaging in nonfarm activities, rural farm households make positive gains in per capita food consumption, thus confirming the hypothesis that engagement in nonfarm activities exerts positive effects on household food consumption.

To provide an overview of the Household Food Consumption and Anthropometric Survey, undertaken in Poland from September to November 2000. A sub-sample of households participating in the countrywide, representative household budget survey (HBS) was selected to participate in the Household Food Consumption and Anthropometric Survey. Four thousand two hundred (4200) individuals provided 24-hour recalls that were subsequently evaluated. Body weight and height together with the mid-arm, waist and hip circumferences were measured. Laboratory analyses of contaminants that may be present in selected individual diets will be undertaken. Poland, 2000. Four thousand two hundred individuals from 1362 households participating in the Polish HBS. Preliminary analyses of height and weight, as well as energy and nutrient intakes, were undertaken in a sub-sample of 484 boys and girls aged 10-15 years. Energy intakes were generally in line with or above the Polish Recommendations. Apart from serving as an important information source on individual food consumption and anthropometric status of the Polish population, the data collected through the Household Food Consumption and Anthropometric Survey will allow direct comparisons of food intake estimates, based on 24-hour recalls, with the results of the household budget survey. Such comparisons are expected to improve and refine interpretation of the data derived from both the individual nutrition survey and the household budget survey, and particularly to provide information on the importance of eating out, which is not covered in the Polish HBS.

ABSTRACTBackgroundFood-assisted maternal and child health and nutrition programs are a widely used approach to address undernutrition. Little is known about the effects of these programs’ combined household and individual food rations on household and individual food consumption. Tubaramure in Burundi targeted women and children during the first 1000 d of life, and included: 1) food rations (corn-soy blend and micronutrient-fortified vegetable oil); 2) health services strengthening and promotion of their use; and 3) behavior change communication on nutrition, hygiene, and health practices.ObjectivesThe objectives were: 1) to assess Tubaramure’s impact on household food consumption and food security, maternal dietary diversity, and infant and young child feeding practices; 2) to explore the role of the food rations; and 3) assess 6–8 mo impacts around 8 mo after the end of the program.MethodsWe used a 4-arm cluster-randomized controlled repeated cross-sectional design (11,906 observations). The treatment arms received the same food ration but differed in the ration timing and duration: 1) the first 1000 d; 2) from pregnancy through 17.9 mo of age; or 3) from birth through 23.9 mo of age.Results Tubaramure significantly (P < 0.05) improved the percentage of food secure households [from 4.5 to 7.3 percentage points (pp)], and increased household energy consumption (from 17% to 20%) and micronutrient consumption. The program had a positive effect on maternal dietary diversity (+0.4 food groups, P < 0.05) and increased the proportion of children aged 6–23.9 mo consuming ≥4 food groups (from 8.0 to 9.6 pp, P < 0.05). The effects on many outcomes were attributable to the food rations. Postprogram effects (P < 0.05) were found on household food security, maternal dietary diversity, and younger sibling's complementary feeding practices.ConclusionsPrograms such as Tubaramure have the potential to improve food security and household and individual energy and micronutrient consumption in severely resource-constrained populations, as seen in rural Burundi. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01072279.

Securing adequate food and nutrition is essential for the maintenance of our health and function in society. This article examines the household characteristics associated with food and nutrition security in the United Kingdom population aged 60 years and over. Data are taken from the Expenditure and Food Survey, a continuous cross-sectional survey of household expenditure, food consumption and income. Survey data for 2002–05 provided a total sample of 5,600 households. Household food consumption is evaluated using national Dietary Reference Values recommended by the Department of Health. A multivariate logistic regression model examines the risk of being food and nutrition insecure by individual and household characteristics. The results suggest that certain sections of the older population are significantly more at risk of food insecurity than others: low-income households, the oldest-old, elderly from black and minority ethnic groups, those with a disability and men living alone. Influencing nutrition of elderly people in the home is complex and poses a major challenge to social policy. Coordinated activity at national and local levels will be required to help ensure that some of the most vulnerable members of society achieve healthy balanced diets.

Economic transition and household food consumption: A study of Bulgaria from 1985 to 2002

Mediation and moderation roles of resilience capacity in the shock–food-security nexus in northern Ghana

We examined household's food expenditures in this study. The empirical work outlined here used quarterly data from 2003 Q1 to 2010 Q3. All variables are in log form and were obtained from the Korea National Statistical Office. The food items included cereals, dairy products, fruits, meat, vegetables, and alcoholic beverages. We applied the ordinary least squares method to a model consisting of household income and seasonal dummies. This is because household expenditures are ordinarily a function of income and have seasonal characteristics. The household's food consumption patterns also reflect the prevailing social and environmental circumstances. This study showed that the income coefficients of cereals, meat, dairy products, and alcoholic beverages tend to increase in the long-run, whereas those of vegetables and fruits decreased. The results also revealed that consumption of alcoholic beverages and meat was greatly affected by household income fluctuations, whereas those of vegetables and dairy products were not sensitive to income. The impulse response functions indicated that expenditures not only increased slowly before peaking one to eight quarters after the income shock but declined very slowly to pre-shock levels. The response of dairy products at the twelfth step was three times as large as that of the first step.

Economic development in the traditional economy is only measured using GDP growth, both in aggregate and per capita. Further increases in GDP will create the necessary conditions for a more equitable distribution of economic and social growth results. However, orientation only to economic growth in building national economy has drawn considerable criticisms. From this point, new economic views have emerged. According to Todaro (2006), the main objective of the new views is GDP growth with simultaneous improvements in poverty alleviation and inequality reduction. High economic growth is often followed by high poverty. Therefore, sustainable economic growth, known as the inclusive growth, is required. In Indonesia, there are still provinces that have not achieved a good level of inclusiveness, one of which is East Java. The rate of its economic growth is very high, but the number of poor people in the area is above the national average. This study aims to analyze the effect of labor and human capital on economic growth in poverty alleviation in East Java using the case study method of 38 regencies and cities during the 2011-2020 period. The panel data was analyzed simultaneously in E-views. This study finds that labor does not affect economic growth, but human capital described by health and education affects economic growth. Further, negative economic growth positively and significantly affect poverty, which means that increasing human capital has a good impact on economic growth and will further reduce poverty.

This study aims to examine, analyze and prove Engel's Law which says that smaller a person's income, the greater the portion of that income will be used to meet food consumption. Conversely, the greater a person's income, the smaller the portion of that income will be used to meet food consumption. Furthermore, this study will also analyze the factors that influence household food consumption patterns in accordance with prevailing theories and laws of demand, such as the level of household income, the price of goods, the number of household members and possibly the level of education. This research is a survey research using a questionnaire distributed to respondents (heads of families). The object of this research is the pattern of household food consumption in Sumberejo Village, Wonosalam District, Jombang Regency. The data used are primary data collected through direct interviews using a questionnaire addressed to each household (respondent) selected as the sample in this study. The data analysis used descriptive analysis to explain the real condition of the respondents and correlation regression to measure the influence of the factors on the consumption pattern of the family household. Statistical testing is done to test the validity and reliability of the data so that conclusions can be drawn from the results of the regression analysis. From the analysis and discussion of the factors that influence household food consumption patterns in Sumberejo Village, Wonosalam District, Jombang Regency, it can be concluded as follows: 1) The share of household expenditure on food consumption is still relatively high, and this shows that the level of household welfare the ladder in the village of Sumberejo, Wonosalam district, Jombang district is still low. There is a difference in the share of non-farmer household expenditures which shows a smaller value compared to farmer households, which means that non-farmer households are more prosperous than farmer households, 2) Partially food prices, household income levels and number of household members tang has a significant (significant) effect on household food consumption patterns in the village of Sumberejo, Wonosalam district, Jombang district. On the other hand, the education level factor of the head of the household has an insignificant (insignificant) effect on the pattern of household food consumption in the village of Sumberejo, Wonosalam sub-district, Jombang district, and 3) Together (simultaneously), food prices, household income levels, The number of household members and the education level of the head of the household have a significant (significant) effect on the pattern of household food consumption in the village of Sumberejo, Wonosalam sub-district, Jombang Regency.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to discuss the contribution of Non-Governmental Organisations in enhancing poverty reduction among households in Uganda by looking at the relationship between NGO Activities and poverty reduction in Uganda as well as the contribution of NGO activities and poverty reduction in Uganda.&#x0D; Methodology: The study adopted a literature review of available data on Uganda, the region and other parts of the world regarding the link between Non-governmental organisations and household poverty reduction. The sources consulted include academic manuscripts, journals, peer-reviewed books, policy documents, annual reports as well as statistical papers.&#x0D; Findings: Results suggest a positive relationship between microfinance and poverty while most studies confirm that microfinance has a potential outcome on reducing poverty. More, results indicate NGOs’ support to food security and household poverty reduction as well as complex community perception of NGOs activities in poverty reduction, promotion of education and training, health, environmental conservation, and protection against child abuse.&#x0D; Conclusion and recommendations: NGOs might be doing a wonderful service to community members in various countries in the name of poverty reduction, not much of their achievements have been documented. It was even more paramount that, Uganda, with many NGOs working along poverty reduction strategies have their achievements studied, documented and widely shared. Thus, the government provides a more conducive working environment for the NGOs to be able to function and operate with less fear from the censorship of state organs; and, an amicable working relationship be forged between government and the NGOs given that the two are partners in community development.&#x0D; Unique contribution to policy and/or practice: This review on the contribution of NGOs to household poverty reduction is essential to national and local policy makers on facilitating the stakeholders to appreciate the fundamental role played by non-state actors in community transformation.

Microfinance is recognised as one of the effective tools to alleviate poverty. Recent studies used the Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey (VHLSS) panel data showing a significant impact of microfinance on household outcomes and poverty reduction (Lensink & Pham, 2012; V. C. Nguyen, 2008; Phan, Gan, Nartea, & Cohen, 2013). However, none of those studies examined the impact of microfinance on poverty reduction using a pseudo-panel data approach. Also, none of them estimated whether participation in microfinance in previous periods had any impact on household outcomes and poverty status in the current period. The current study contributes to the literature in several ways. Firstly, a longest time frame pseudo-panel data set is constructed from the VHLSS 1992-2010, and the most comprehensive and genuine panel data set is created from the VHLSS 2002-2008. Secondly, the international poverty line and the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) equivalence scale are used to measure household income and consumption. This measure makes the results of the current study easier to compare with international literature. Finally, the dynamic relationship between access to microfinance and household outcomes is examined.