House with two doors

Osteoporosis in Children: Implications for Nursing

Whites Only: Race and Mobility in Kym Ragusa's <i>The Skin Between Us: A Memoir of Race, Beauty, and Belonging</i> and Claudia Rankine's <i>Citizen: An American Lyric</i>

This article explores the concept of children's autobiographical memory that is evident from the age of four onwards. Recent findings on the construction of memories, the development of narrative ability and the impact of culture on memory are discussed in relation to an exploratory study of children's earliest memories. Although no conclusion could be made as to whether children's memories are co-constructed or spontaneous, findings show that earliest memories were of atypical events that had occurred in the child's life. Implications for learning and teaching of young children are included.

Introduction: Contested Bodies of Children and Youth K. Horschelmann& R. Colls Children's Bodies: An Absent Presence G. Valentine Part I: Imagining Bodies Femininity and Body Image: Promoting Positive Body Image in the 'Culture of Slenderness' S. Grogan Mimesis and Alterity: Representations of Race in Children's Films K. Wells Deviant Femininities: The Everyday Making and Unmaking of 'Criminal' Youth C. Alexander How Do Children Taste? Young people and the production and consumption of food E. Probyn Commentary: Imagining Bodies S. Ruddick Part II: Disciplining Bodies Embodied Childhood in the Health Promoting School J. Pike & D. Colquhoun Health Visiting in Anxious Times P. Dale Contested Bodies of Asylum-seeking Children P. Hopkins& M. Hill Children's Bodies Working and Caring in Sub-Saharan Africa E. Robson Militarized Bodies: The Global Militarization of Children's Lives I. Solomon & M. Denov Commentary: Disciplining Bodies E. Gagen Part III: Performing Bodies Stigma, Health, Identity and Youth(ful) Bodies N. Beale Embodying and Destabilising (dis)ability and Childhood L. Holt Time for Bed! Children's Bed-time Practices, Routines and Affects J. Horton & P. Kraftl AIDS, Mobility and Commercial Sex in Ethiopia: Implications for Policy L. van Blerk Commentary: Performing Bodies and Contestation R. Panelli

The present article addresses issues concerning the complex relation between memory and trauma in childhood and adult life. Research findings showing how children and adults remember public and personal emotional events are presented, and mechanisms functioning to hold traumatic memories back from awareness are discussed. In the final section, developmental aspects are addressed by considering the interplay between child and adult trauma. Several cases are described that show how childhood trauma may be represented in memory and influence later development and adult memory processes.

Thalassemia is a congenital blood disorder often requiring chronic blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy [1,2]. While advances in treatment have resulted in increased life expectancy [3], extended life spans have exposed previously unidentified issues, including bodily pain. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence, severity, predictors, and effects of pain in 265 adults/adolescents and 103 children with thalassemia. Overall, 69% of adults/adolescents reported bodily pain on the SF-36v2 health survey, with 28% reporting at least moderate pain. Parents reported pain in 56% of children using the PF-28 child health questionnaire, with only 11% reporting pain fairly often. There were no significant differences in pain in children with thalassemia compared with the general population. In adults/adolescents, pain increased significantly with age (P = 0.005), more so than in the general population. This study highlights the fact that children and young adults with thalassemia experience pain comparable to the general population, whereas older adults (aged 35+) experience greater pain. Our findings show that increased pain is associated with decreased quality of life and increased anxiety and depression.

In this paper, I talk about several issues in regard to self and consciousness. I do so from a developmental perspective, since such a perspective may provide a framework to help understand consciousness as seen in the adult human. Briefly, the two processes I will call the machinery of the self and the mental state of the idea of me develop over the first two years of the child's life. Moreover, and perhaps of equal importance is the fact that the development of consciousness (the idea of me) provides the scaffolding for the development of the child's social and emotional development and is the first step in the child's development of other mental states, which provide the underpinning of a theory of mind. I will first explore what a self is and what it is not; then I will present a developmental model that provides a way of measuring early the idea of me or consciousness. Having shown how to measure this mental state, I will show how it has an impact on the development of a theory of mind, as well as on the child's emotional and social life. Finally, I will turn to the emergence of explicit and implicit consciousness.

CHAPTER X - DEVELOPMENT IN LATER CHILDHOOD

As individuals with Down syndrome often suffer from oro-facial abnormalities which can affect their oral health as well as their and their family’s quality of life, this link was examined in the present study. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, 63 parents of children with Down syndrome who attended two special daycare centres in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were surveyed using a self-administered validated questionnaire. The findings yielded by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 17 revealed that in 34.9% children and 46% of their families, quality of life was affected by oral health. Moreover, 54% children experienced physical pain, which was severe in 22.2% of the cases. Further analyses revealed that families’ emotional lives were negatively affected by children’s oral health status. Therefore, as oral health in children with Down syndrome exerts significant adverse impacts on different aspects of their lives and those of their families, timely provision of required oral health care is warranted.

List of Figures and Tables Notes on Contributors Introduction: Why Social Studies of Childhood? J.Qvortrup, W.A.Corsaro & M-S.Honig PART I: CONCEPTS OF CHILDHOOD STUDIES Childhood as Structural Form J.Qvortrup Agency A.James Child Development and Development of Childhood M.Woodhead How is the Child Constituted in Childhood Studies? M-S.Honig Method and Methodology in Childhood Research A.Lange & J.Mierendorff PART II: HISTORICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXTS OF CHILDHOOD The Evolution of Childhood in Western Europe c. 1400-1750 H.Hendrick Transitions to Modernity J.Gillis Institutionalization as a Secular Trend H.Zeiher Pluralization of Family Forms A-M.Jensen PART III: GENERATIONAL RELATIONS Generational Order L.Alanen Generational Relations at Family Level B.Mayall Children, Generational Relations and Intergenerational Justice T.Olk Collective Identities H.Hengst PART IV: CHILDREN'S EVERYDAY LIVES/THE LOCAL FRAMEWORK Children's Bodies L.Fingerson Policies in Early Childhood Education and Care: Potentialities for Agency, Play and Learning G.Dahlberg Localities: A Holistic Frame of Reference for Appraising Social Justice in Children's Lives J.McKendrick Children as Problems, Problems of Children K.Rosier Childhood: Leisure, Culture, and Peers I.Frones PART V: CHILDREN'S PRACTICE - CHILDREN AS PARTICIPANTS From Child Labour to Working Children's Movement O.Nieuwenhuys Peer Cultures W.A.Corsaro Play and Games A-C.Evaldsson Leisure Time and Cultural Activities I.Frones Children as Consumers D.Cook Children and Television D.Buckingham Children and Digital Media: Online, On Site, On the Go K.Drotner PART VI: CHILDREN'S RIGHTS AND PLACE IN THE WORLD Children's Rights as Human Rights: Reading the UNCRC M.Freeman Interests in and Responsibility for Children and their Life Worlds D.Buhler-Niederberger & H.Sunker Transnational Mobilities and Childhoods A.Bailey Closing the Gap between Rights and the Realities of Children's Lives N.H.Kaufman & I.Rizzini Author Index Subject Index

Finding Hope and Healing When Cure Is Not Possible

This community service is aimed to provide teaching training through BIG MAZE educational game media for Aisiyah’ teachers during online. The educational game, Maze, is complicated, tortuous, and deadlocked track system. At home, children easily learn through the media BIG MAZE, is B (Bergerak) for move is a stimulus to the child's body movements, hands and feet. I (Ingat) for remember is to train the child's memory sensors, through language, numbers, letters. G (Guna) for use is to do the activities of the results of exercises done in the previous movement through memory sensors, and will affect the cognitive development of children. This activity was carried out in collaboration between Aisyiyah Regional Leadership of Primary and Secondary Educational in North Sumatera and Aisyiyah Butstanul Athfal’ teachers in Medan partners. The method is taught for children of 10 teachers from ABA in Medan and has been evaluated, this activity through 4 stages: (1) preparation, (2) action, (3) observation, and (4) evaluation. The results of the children were very enthusiastic using by BIG MAZE of educational games tool at home online.

Preserving the health of the younger generation is a priority multidisciplinary task. For a more comprehensive and individual assessment of the functioning of the child's body against the background of acute viral infections, a technique for determining the quality of life based on subjective perception was used, on the basis of which patients are classified into the first or second classes of quality of life. The paper examines the interrelationships of health, quality of life and mental development of preschool children with acute respiratory infections being treated in the pediatric department. Some children were found to have a reduced quality of life, not only in the group of children with acute respiratory infections, but also in the group of healthy children. There were significantly more patients with grade 2 quality of life in the main group. According to the results of correlation analysis using Spearmanʼs rank correlation coefficient, it was found that the quality of life is interrelated with psycho-emotional and the intellectual development of the child. Based on the study of the quality of life of patients in the pediatric department, it is possible to implement an individual approach to assessing the condition of the child as a whole and against the background of the disease, for high-quality further treatment and monitoring, for the organization of preventive measures.

RESUMO: Este texto ensaia uma breve e pontual reflexão sobre as infâncias, as crianças e os desdobramentos evidenciados com a inauguração dos estudos da infância. Nele, consideraremos as perspectivas históricas e sociológicas como forma de compreender a origem do conceito de infância, os modos de vida das crianças em diferentes temporalidades e a modernidade como lastro na estruturação do pensamento contemporâneo. Na contemporaneidade, as pesquisas, cada vez mais, têm demostrado que as crianças e suas infâncias tramam significados a partir de suas práticas cotidianas, interferem na dinâmica social e são produtoras das culturas infantis. O objetivo do texto será estabelecer um debate sobre as concepções historicamente instituídas no campo multidisciplinar dos estudos da infância e as relações com a educação infantil, pensando como elas reverberam no cotidiano de crianças e professores (as). Nesse momento da pesquisa que se encontra na fase inicial, estamos nos aproximando do campo e produzindo elementos que nos aproximem desse estado da arte. Dialogaremos com pesquisas de Arroyo (1994), Cohn (2005), Qvortrup (2014), Sarmento (2004, 2007), Sarmento e Marchi (2017), Oliveira (2008), entre outros. As discussões apontam para um campo fecundo de pesquisas e metodologias criativas, voltadas à compreensão das infâncias e narradas a partir do olhar das crianças, denotando complexidades, particularidades e singularidades na potência de suas vozes. Ainda recente, esse campo de conhecimento tem impulsionado ganhos em torno dos direitos sociais e da agência infantil. No entanto, ainda temos um longo caminho a percorrer em busca de uma infância cidadã, aquela que tenha a presença dos corpos infantis na história social de seus territórios. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Infância; Crianças; Educação Infantil.

Translational Research – New Evidence for Guiding Intervention Development to Improve the Lives of Children and their Families