Abstract
Recent studies reveal that numerous non-edible parts of fruits and vegetables, as well as food wastes, are a good source of phytochemicals that can be extracted and reintroduced into the food chain as natural food additives. Horned melon or kiwano (Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey. Ex. Naudin) is a fruit rich in various phytochemical components important in the daily diet. After primary processing, horned melon non-edible parts (e.g., peels and seeds) can represent raw materials that can be utilized in numerous applications. Among under-researched fruits, this study aims to present the potential of using horned melon edible and non-edible parts based on current knowledge on nutritional value, phytochemicals, biological activity, as well as biological benefits. Overall, this review concluded that the biological properties of horned melon are associated with the phytochemicals present in this fruit and its waste parts. Further studies should be conducted to identify phytochemicals and valorize all horned melon parts, assess their biological efficacy, and promote their potential uses in different health purposes.
Highlights
Current trends in the food industry refer to the continuous search for healthy products since the worldwide health crisis redirected the consumer attitude, perception, and awareness to a diet rich in natural and high-quality products [1]
The phytochemicals derived from different plants, fruits, and vegetables have been extensively studied through numerous applications to maintain food quality, food safety, and appeal, or as food additives or nutraceuticals to improve nutritional quality and support physiological functions [2]
Recent studies reveal that numerous food wastes and non-edible parts are a good source of phytochemicals that can be extracted and reintroduced into the food chain as natural food additives [3]
Summary
Current trends in the food industry refer to the continuous search for healthy products since the worldwide health crisis redirected the consumer attitude, perception, and awareness to a diet rich in natural and high-quality products [1]. Recent studies reveal that numerous food wastes and non-edible parts are a good source of phytochemicals that can be extracted and reintroduced into the food chain as natural food additives [3]. Cucumbers (Cucumis) were previously grown in the area of Ancient Egypt, while today they are a food that is consumed daily all over the world, especially in Africa, Asia, Australia, and some islands in the Pacific. This genus contains over 30 species, among which the two most famous commercial products are Cucumis sativus and Cucumis melo, better known as cucumber and melon. Considering there exist only a few scientific papers dealing with this fruit, the aim of this study is to summarize the current knowledge on the phytochemicals, biological benefits, and potential applications of horned melon edible end non-edible parts (pulp, peel, and seed)
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